Brain Regions Related to Tool Use and Action Knowledge Reflect Nicotine Dependence
Brain Regions Related to Tool Use and Action Knowledge Reflect Nicotine Dependence
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.4891-08.2009
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发表时间：
2009-04-15
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Naumer, Marcus J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yalachkov, Yavor;Kaiser, Jochen;Naumer, Marcus J.
除了奖励和渴望相关的过程之外，习惯机制在成瘾中也发挥着重要作用。虽然背侧纹状体被认为可以编码习惯性寻求药物行为的动机状态，但相应的吸毒技能和行为知识的神经基础仍然知之甚少。我们使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和行为导向可供范式来研究尼古丁依赖中自动吸毒行为的神经和行为相关性。吸烟者在观看与吸烟相关的图像时比不吸烟者表现出更高的功能磁共振成像激活，但在观看对照图像时则没有。 fMRI激活的这些群体差异不仅存在于与渴望和习惯性学习相关的大脑区域（左腹侧和背侧纹状体、背外侧前额叶皮层、岛叶、钩回、内侧额叶回、右侧胼胝体下回和双侧海马旁回），而且还存在于与动作知识和工具使用技能的编码密切相关的大脑区域网络（双侧前运动皮层、左上皮层）顶小叶和右侧小脑）。行为可供性反应时间任务表明，吸烟者（而不是非吸烟者）对吸烟用具表现出与日常物品类似的自动反应。此外，吸烟者在与工具使用相关的大脑区域的功能磁共振成像激活、对吸烟相关线索的行为反应以及尼古丁依赖的严重程度之间表现出很强的相互关联。显然，吸烟者与吸烟相关的动作表征存储在通常代表工具使用技能和动作知识的大脑区域中。最重要的是，各个吸毒技能的皮质和行为相关性随着个体对尼古丁的依赖程度而变化。
In addition to reward- and craving-related processes, habitual mechanisms play an important role in addiction. While the dorsal striatum has been proposed to code for the motivational state of habitual drug-seeking actions, the neural underpinnings of the corresponding drug-taking skills and action knowledge remain poorly understood. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI) and a behavioral orientation affordance paradigm to investigate the neural and behavioral correlates of automatized drug-taking actions in nicotine dependence. Smokers exhibited higher fMRI activations than nonsmokers when viewing smoking-related but not when viewing control images. These group differences in fMRI activations were located not only in brain regions associated with craving and habitual learning (left ventral and dorsal striatum, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, insula, uncus, medial frontal gyrus, right subcallosal gyrus, and bilateral parahippocampal gyrus), but also in a network of brain regions which has been strongly implicated in the encoding of action knowledge and tool use skills (bilateral premotor cortex, left superior parietal lobule, and right lateral cerebellum). A behavioral affordance reaction-time task indicated that smokers, but not nonsmokers, showed an automatized responsiveness to smoking paraphernalia similar to everyday objects. Moreover, smokers showed strong intercorrelations between fMRI activations in tool use-related brain regions, behavioral responsiveness to smoking-related cues, and severity of nicotine dependence. Apparently smoking-related action representations in smokers are stored in brain regions typically representing tool use skills and action knowledge. Most importantly, cortical and behavioral correlates of the respective drug-taking skills vary with the individual degree of nicotine dependence.