Increased Fos expression among midbrain dopaminergic cell groups during birdsong tutoring
Increased Fos expression among midbrain dopaminergic cell groups during birdsong tutoring
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06849.x
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发表时间：
2009-08-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Nordeen, K. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nordeen, E. J.;Holtzman, D. A.;Nordeen, K. W.
在鸟类的声音学习过程中，鸟类会记住同种的歌曲模式，然后使用听觉反馈来匹配它们的声音输出。一些歌曲学习模型认为，在辅导过程中，同种视觉，社会和/或听觉线索激活神经调节系统，鼓励获得导师的歌曲，并附加激励值，以特定的声学模式。这一假说预测，在社会辅导过程中经历的刺激激活了能够发出奖励信号的细胞群。使用立即早期基因c-Fos的蛋白质产物的免疫细胞化学，我们发现，短暂暴露的少年雄性斑胸草雀的生活熟悉的男性导师增加了Fos+细胞的密度在两个大脑区域内涉及奖励处理：腹侧被盖区（VTA）和黑质pars rectuata（SNc）。Fos的这种激活似乎涉及多巴胺能和非多巴胺能VTA/SNc神经元。有趣的是，一个熟悉的导师比一个新的导师更有效地刺激这些区域内的Fos表达。在中脑导水管周围灰质（一种富含多巴胺的细胞群，与情绪处理有关）中，Fos标记也在辅导后增加，熟悉的导师再次比新的同种有效。由于涉及歌曲习得的几个神经区域从这些中脑核团接收强烈的多巴胺能投射，它们的激活与听到导师的歌曲相结合，可以帮助建立感官表征，随后指导运动序列学习。
During avian vocal learning, birds memorize conspecific song patterns and then use auditory feedback to match their vocal output to this acquired template. Some models of song learning posit that during tutoring, conspecific visual, social and/or auditory cues activate neuromodulatory systems that encourage acquisition of the tutor's song and attach incentive value to that specific acoustic pattern. This hypothesis predicts that stimuli experienced during social tutoring activate cell populations capable of signaling reward. Using immunocytochemistry for the protein product of the immediate early gene c-Fos, we found that brief exposure of juvenile male zebra finches to a live familiar male tutor increased the density of Fos+ cells within two brain regions implicated in reward processing: the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). This activation of Fos appears to involve both dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic VTA/SNc neurons. Intriguingly, a familiar tutor was more effective than a novel tutor in stimulating Fos expression within these regions. In the periaqueductal gray, a dopamine-enriched cell population that has been implicated in emotional processing, Fos labeling also was increased after tutoring, with a familiar tutor again being more effective than a novel conspecific. As several neural regions implicated in song acquisition receive strong dopaminergic projections from these midbrain nuclei, their activation in conjunction with hearing the tutor's song could help to establish sensory representations that later guide motor sequence learning.