A latitudinal diversity gradient in planktonic marine bacteria
A latitudinal diversity gradient in planktonic marine bacteria
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0803070105
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发表时间：
2008-06-03
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Brown, James H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fuhrman, Jed A.;Steele, Joshua A.;Brown, James H.
两个世纪以来，生物学家已经证明了从热带到两极的动植物生物多样性的梯度，但无法同意它主要是由生产力，温度或历史因素控制的。最近的报告发现，纬度多样性梯度在一些单细胞生物中减少或不存在，并将其归因于其高丰度和扩散能力，这表明细菌，最小和最丰富的生物，不应该表现出纬度多样性模式。我们使用扩增的核糖体基因间间隔分析（ARISA）全组合遗传指纹，以量化物种丰富度在103个近表面的海洋浮游细菌样本，从热带到极地在两个半球。我们发现了一个显着的纬度梯度丰富。这些数据可以帮助评估关于梯度原因的假设。丰富度与纬度和温度的相关性同样很强，而与生产力（叶绿素，年初级生产力，细菌丰度）和其他变量（盐度和距离海岸）的相关性要弱得多。尽管高丰度和潜在的高分散的细菌，它们表现出的物种多样性的地理模式，是类似于在其他生物体中看到的。海洋细菌的纬度梯度支持这样一种假设，即新陈代谢的动力学决定了生命的节奏，对多样性有很大的影响。
For two centuries, biologists have documented a gradient of animal and plant biodiversity from the tropics to the poles but have been unable to agree whether it is controlled primarily by productivity, temperature, or historical factors. Recent reports that find latitudinal diversity gradients to be reduced or absent in some unicellular organisms and attribute this to their high abundance and dispersal capabilities would suggest that bacteria, the smallest and most abundant organisms, should exhibit no latitudinal pattern of diversity. We used amplified ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) whole-assemblage genetic fingerprinting to quantify species richness in 103 near-surface samples of marine bacterial plankton, taken from tropical to polar in both hemispheres. We found a significant latitudinal gradient in richness. The data can help to evaluate hypotheses about the cause of the gradient. The correlations of richness with latitude and temperature were similarly strong, whereas correlations with parameters relating to productivity (chlorophyll, annual primary productivity, bacterial abundance) and other variables (salinity and distance to shore) were much weaker. Despite the high abundance and potentially high dispersal of bacteria, they exhibit geographic patterns of species diversity that are similar to those seen in other organisms. The latitudinal gradient in marine bacteria supports the hypothesis that the kinetics of metabolism, setting the pace for life, has strong influence on diversity.