Informal surveillance and street crime: A complex relationship
Informal surveillance and street crime: A complex relationship
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1745-9125.2000.tb00886.x
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发表时间：
2000-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Bellair, PE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bellair, PE
系统性犯罪模型预测，非正式的空间监视减少了街头犯罪。相反，社区衰落理论认为，街头犯罪通过增加居民对风险和恐惧的感知来减少非正式监视。此外，犯罪功能理论表明，某些类型的犯罪可能会增加监视。使用100个城市社区的数据，分析检查这些预测和解开相互影响。基线递归方程表明，非正式监视与抢劫/陌生人攻击呈负相关，抢劫/陌生人攻击与非正式监视呈负相关。相比之下，入室盗窃率不受非正式监视的影响，但入室盗窃有积极的影响时，控制抢劫/陌生人攻击的监视。联立方程表明，抢劫/陌生人攻击有一个中等强的反作用，对非正式的监视，它是由居民的风险认知介导的。当风险感知被控制时，非正式监视对抢劫/陌生人袭击有相反的影响。后一项分析还表明，入室盗窃增加了监视，表明某些类型的犯罪具有积极的作用。因此，研究结果支持系统性、社区衰退和犯罪功能理论，并表明非正式监视与犯罪之间的关系是复杂的。讨论了对社区犯罪研究的影响。
The systemic crime model predicts that informal surveillance of space reduces street crime. Conversely, community decline theory posits that street crime reduces informal surveillance by increasing residents' perception of risk and fear. Moreover, functions of crime theory suggests that some types of crime may increase surveillance. Using data for 100 urban neighborhoods, the analysis examines these predictions and disentangles reciprocal effects. Baseline recursive equations indicate that informal surveillance is inversely associated with robbery/stranger assault, and that robbery/stranger assault is inversely associated with informal surveillance. In contrast, burglary rates are not affected by informal surveillance, but burglary has a positive effect on surveillance when robbery/stranger assault is controlled. Simultaneous equations indicate that robbery/stranger assault has a moderately strong inverse effect on informal surveillance, and that it is mediated by residents' perceptions of risk. When risk perception is controlled, informal surveillance has an inverse effect on robbery/stranger assault. The latter analysis also indicates that burglary increases surveillance suggesting that some types of crime serve positive functions. The results, therefore, lend support to systemic, community decline, and functions of crime theory, and they suggest that the relationship between informal surveillance and crime is complex. Implications for community crime research are discussed.