The upgrading of an informal settlement in South Africa: Two decades onwards
The upgrading of an informal settlement in South Africa: Two decades onwards
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DOI：
10.1016/j.habitatint.2012.11.001
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发表时间：
2013-07-01
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Ntema, John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Marais, Lochner;Ntema, John
关于低收入住房和非正式住区的许多研究都是一次性的个案研究，侧重于发展的狭隘方面。然而，在这方面，相当有必要继续从经验中学习，更具体地说，从长期评价中学习。本研究考虑了南非布隆方丹自由广场在20年间的升级改造。具体考虑了五个方面，即：移民与流动、定向与减贫、社区建设、住房整理和整体住区开发。从本质上讲，我们认为迁移模式仍然是相当自然的，但自由广场的案例研究仍然是空间填充的一个很好的例子。这种空间填充，加上提供基本服务和一系列政府补贴，在解决该地区的贫困问题方面发挥了重要作用。虽然社区参与过程最初是为了满足现有发展基金的标准，但我们认为，城市升级信托基金的衰落也与政府倾向于集中密切相关。缺乏较长期的全面发展办法也可能与这种趋势有关。最后，缺乏对该地区基础设施的维护可能会导致该地区通过升级而获得的一些健康效益丧失。(c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Much of the research on low-income housing and informal settlements comprises one-off case studies focussing on narrow aspects of development. In this regard, however, there is a considerable need to continue to learn from experience, and more specifically, from long-term evaluations. This study considers the upgrading of Freedom Square in Bloemfontein, South Africa, over a period of twenty years. Five aspects are considered in detail, namely: migration and mobility, targeting and poverty reduction, community building, housing consolidation and overall settlement development. Essentially, we contend that migration patterns have remained fairly natural, but that the Freedom Square case study remains a good example of spatial infilling. This spatial infilling, coupled with the provision of basic services and a range of government subsidies, has played a significant role in addressing poverty in the area. Although community-participation processes were initially orientated towards meeting the criteria of such development funds as were available, we argue that the decline of the Urban Upgrading Trust is also closely related to the government's inclination towards centralisation. The absence of a longer-term holistic development approach can also be linked to this tendency. Finally, the lack of maintenance of infrastructure in the area could potentially result in the loss of some of the health benefits that were gained through upgrading in the area. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.