Annual and seasonal air temperature trend patterns of climate change and urbanization effects in relation to air pollutants in Turkey
Annual and seasonal air temperature trend patterns of climate change and urbanization effects in relation to air pollutants in Turkey
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DOI：
10.1029/96jd02108
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发表时间：
1997-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Tayanç;M. Karaca;O. Yenigün
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Tayanç;M. Karaca;O. Yenigün
为了估计气候变化及其城市引起的偏见，在选定的土耳其城市，我们使用的数据从1951年至1990年期间记录的54个气候站，其中四个是纠正其不均匀性。有两套：S1，包括大型城市车站，S2，包括农村、小型城市和中型城市车站。非归一化肯德尔趋势检验系数与空间预测方案，克里格，用于构建空间模式的两个集在一起，并分别。结果显示，在统计上显着的冷却，主要是在北方地区的平均气温和变暖的最低温度特定的大城市地区。季节性分析表明，这种冷却大部分发生在夏季，城市变暖发生在春季。研究了冷却的原因与一些空气污染物，SO2和颗粒物（PM）的关系。对时间序列进行的线性回归导致平均温度每40年0.24°C和最低温度每40年0.56°C的显著城市偏差。与上述结果相关的是，由于城市偏差，在此期间温度范围下降了0.48°C。平均温度趋势的0.24°C城市偏差幅度远远大于地球其他三个地区的结果[Jones等人，1990年]。这里检测到的平均温度的总体平均冷却，每十年-0.07 ° C，与Nasrallah和Balling [1993]对位于土耳其上空的两个网格点的平均结果相同。
With a view to estimating climate change and its urban-induced bias in selected Turkish cities, we have used data from the period 1951 to 1990 recorded by 54 climate stations, four of which are corrected for their inhomogeneities. Two sets are produced; S1, including the large urban stations, and S2, consisting of rural, small urban and medium urban stations. Nonnalized Kendall trend test coefficients with a spatial prediction scheme, kriging, are used to construct spatial patterns of both sets together and separately. Results reveal a statistically significant cooling in mean temperatures mostly in northem regions and warming in minimum temperatures specific to large urban areas. Seasonal analysis shows that most of this cooling has been occurring in the summer and urban warming in the spring. The causes of cooling is investigated in relation to some air pollutants, SO 2 and particulate matter (PM). Linear regressions perfomred on the time series resulted in a significant urban bias of 0.24°C per 40 years on mean temperatures and 0.56°C/40 years on minimum temperatures. In association with the above results, a decrease in the temperature range of 0.48°C over the period owing to urban bias was found. A 0.24°C urban bias magnitude of mean temperature trends is much greater than the results found on other three regions of the Earth [Jones et al., 1990]. An overall average cooling in mean temperatures, -0.07°C per decade, detected here is the same as Nasrallah and Balling's [1993] average result for the two grid points located over Turkey.