COVID-19 lockdown measures reveal human impact on water transparency in the Venice Lagoon
COVID-19 lockdown measures reveal human impact on water transparency in the Venice Lagoon
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139612
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发表时间：
2020-09-20
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Zaggia, Luca
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Braga, Federica;Scarpa, Gian Marco;Zaggia, Luca
威尼斯泻湖一直受到区域地貌演变、人为压力和全球变化的影响。不同的形态环境和多变的地球物理条件是这个不断演变的系统的特征，它对人类的影响作出迅速反应。当意大利于2020年3月10日实施封锁措施以控制SARS-CoV-2感染的传播时，威尼斯周围的普通城市水上交通（泻湖的主要压力之一）陷入停顿。这为分析流动性限制对水透明度的环境影响提供了一个独特的机会。伪真彩色合成Sentinel-2卫星图像证明有助于定性目视判读，显示了SARS-CoV-2爆发之前和爆发期间船只交通及其尾流的减少。在没有交通干扰的情况下，根据卫星获得的浊度对悬浮物模式进行了定量分析，从而可以重点关注自然过程和在整个封锁期间持续存在的人类活动的残余应力。我们的结论是，高水透明度可被视为由自然季节因素和COVID-19限制的影响共同决定的短暂条件。
The lagoon of Venice has always been affected by the regional geomorphological evolution, anthropogenic stressors and global changes. Different morphological settings and variable biogeophysical conditions characterize this continuously evolving system that rapidly responds to the anthropic impacts. When the lockdown measures were enforced in Italy to control the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on March 10th 2020, the ordinary urban water traffic around Venice, one of the major pressures in the lagoon, came to a halt. This provided a unique opportunity to analyse the environmental effects of restrictions to mobility on water transparency. Pseudo true-colour composites Sentinel-2 satellite imagery proved useful for qualitative visual interpretation, showing the reduction of the vessel traffic and their wakes from the periods before and during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. A quantitative analysis of suspended matter patterns, based on satellite-derived turbidity, in the absence of traffic perturbations, allowed to focus on natural processes and the residual stress from human activities that continued throughout the lockdown. We conclude that the high water transparency can be considered as a transient condition determined by a combination of natural seasonal factors and the effects of COVID-19 restrictions.