First record of Culicoides imicola, the main vector of blutongue virus in Europe, in the Basque Country (northern Spain)
First record of Culicoides imicola, the main vector of blutongue virus in Europe, in the Basque Country (northern Spain)
复制标题
DOI：
10.1136/vr.162.25.820
复制
发表时间：
2008-06-21
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Delecolle, J-C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goldarazena, A.;Romon, P.;Delecolle, J-C.
拟库蚊是南欧蓝舌病毒(BTV)的主要传播媒介，其病原为蓝舌病。这种昆虫主要分布在非洲和亚洲，但在欧洲大陆的西班牙南部(Mellor等人1983年)和葡萄牙南部(Mellor等人1985年)首次报道。1956年至1960年间，一场BTV流行病影响了安达卢西亚的不同地区(Ortega和其他人，1998年)。罗林斯和其他人(1997)建立了位于北纬40度的塔拉维拉-德拉雷纳(托莱多)，作为西班牙伊米科拉吸虫的最北端，在西班牙西南部地区发现了与当时主要的BTV疫情一致的种群。在2001年和2002年期间，由于2000年巴利阿里群岛马略卡岛和梅诺卡岛的BTV流行病而进行的抽样(OIE 2000)首次表明，这两个岛屿(米兰达和其他岛屿，2003年)上存在并盛产伊米科拉吸虫。2002年至2003年，在加泰罗尼亚的巴塞罗那、热罗纳和塔拉戈纳省都发现了卡米科拉病毒(Sarto I Monteys和Saiz-Ardanaz 2003，Sarto I Monteys等2004、2005)。与之形成对比的是，伊比利亚北部没有发现伊米科拉吸虫，尽管2006年至2008年在阿拉巴省、比兹卡亚省和吉普兹科亚省的几个地方偶尔进行了采样(Calvete等人，2008年，西班牙农业部，未公布的数据)。2007年10月至11月期间，在西班牙北部吉普兹科阿省的巴斯克地区发生了新的BTV疫情，共导致63个受影响的养羊场、92只有潜在临床症状的绵羊和41名确诊的BTV死亡(表1)。位于马德里阿尔吉特的西班牙动物疾病参考实验室确认了BTV-1血清型(急诊组织，未发表结果)。从2007年11月的最后一周开始，疾控中心在3个受影响农场和1个未受影响农场使用了总共10周的诱杀装置(各自的农场位置见图1)。为了描述库蚊的种类和性别组成及其相对丰度，每个农场共使用6个CDC诱捕器(Entomopraxis G852，黑光紫外线4W管1212型)(3个室内和3个室外，彼此相距25m，悬挂在离地面约2.5 m的高度)，通过连接到农场总电网的220-12V变压器连续使用。
Culicoides imicola (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) is the main vector of the bluetongue virus (BTV), the causal agent of bluetongue, in southern Europe. This insect presents mainly an Afro-asian distribution, but it was first reported on mainland Europe in southern Spain (Mellor and others 1983) and southern Portugal (Mellor and others 1985). Between 1956 and 1960, a BTV epizootic affected different parts of Andalusia (Ortega and others 1998). Rawlings and others (1997) established Talavera de la Reina (Toledo), at 40 N, as being the northernmost site for C imicola in Spain, with populations being found throughout southwestern Spanish regions in concordance with the main BTV outbreaks at that time. During 2001 and 2002, sampling undertaken as a consequence of the BTV epizootic in the Balearic Islands of Majorca and Menorca in 2000 (OIE 2000) demonstrated for the first time that C imicola was present and abundant on these two islands (Miranda and others 2003). During 2002 to 2003, C imicola was found throughout the provinces of Barcelona, Gerona and Tarragona in Catalonia (Sarto i Monteys and Saiz-Ardanaz 2003, Sarto i Monteys and others 2004, 2005). In contrast, C imicola had not been found on the northern side of Iberia, despite occasional sampling carried out in several localities within the provinces of Araba, Bizkaia and Gipuzkoa from 2006 to 2008 (Calvete and others 2008, Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, unpublished data). This short communication provides evidence of recent northwards expansion of the distribution of C imicola.Between October and November 2007, a new BTV outbreak occurred in the Basque Country, Gipuzkoa province, Oiartzualdea valley (northern Spain), resulting in a total of 63 affected sheep farms, 92 sheep with potential clinical signs of disease and 41 confirmed BTV mortalities (Table 1). Serotype BTV-1 was confirmed by the Spanish Animal Diseases Reference Laboratory at Algete in Madrid (Grupo de Enfermedades Emergentes, unpublished results). From the last week of November 2007, CDC traps were used for a total of 10 trap weeks on three affected and one unaffected farms (see Fig 1 for respective farm locations). To characterise the Culicoides species and sex composition, and their relative abundance, a total of six CDC traps (Entomopraxis G852, with blacklight UV 4W tube model 1212) per farm (three traps indoors and three outdoors, separated from each other by 25 m, and hanging about 2· 5 m above the ground) were used continuously, independent of the light levels, by using 220-12V transformers connected to the general power network of the farms.