Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids stimulate cell membrane expansion by acting on syntaxin 3
Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids stimulate cell membrane expansion by acting on syntaxin 3
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DOI：
10.1038/nature04598
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发表时间：
2006-04-06
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Davletov, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Darios, F;Davletov, B
神经突突从细胞体生长是神经元发育的关键步骤，涉及细胞膜表面积的大量增加(1)。花生四烯酸释放磷脂酶在神经生长锥中高度富集，并且先前与神经突生长有关（2,3）。细胞膜的扩张是通过转运细胞器与质膜的融合实现的(4)；然而，花生四烯酸的分子靶点尚未确定。本研究表明syntaxin 3 （STX3）是一种质膜蛋白，在神经突的生长中起重要作用，也是omega-6花生四烯酸的直接靶点。通过筛选syntaxin 3，我们确定膳食中的omega-3亚麻酸和二十二碳六烯酸可以有效地替代花生四烯酸激活syntaxin 3。我们的发现为先前确定的omega-3和omega-6多不饱和脂肪酸在生长锥膜扩张中的作用提供了分子基础，并代表了这些必需营养素的单一效应分子的首次鉴定。
Growth of neurite processes from the cell body is the critical step in neuronal development and involves a large increase in cell membrane surface area(1). Arachidonic-acid-releasing phospholipases are highly enriched in nerve growth cones and have previously been implicated in neurite outgrowth(2,3). Cell membrane expansion is achieved through the fusion of transport organelles with the plasma membrane(4); however, the identity of the molecular target of arachidonic acid has remained elusive. Here we show that syntaxin 3 (STX3), a plasma membrane protein, has an important role in the growth of neurites, and also serves as a direct target for omega-6 arachidonic acid. By using syntaxin 3 in a screening assay, we determined that the dietary omega-3 linolenic and docosahexaenoic acids can efficiently substitute for arachidonic acid in activating syntaxin 3. Our findings provide a molecular basis for the previously established action of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in membrane expansion at the growth cones, and represent the first identification of a single effector molecule for these essential nutrients.