Biodiversity and emerging diseases
Biodiversity and emerging diseases
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DOI：
10.1196/annals.1373.001
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Gonzalez, Jean-Paul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Maillard, Jean-Charles;Gonzalez, Jean-Paul
首先，我们要提醒大家对地球上生物多样性的一般考虑，特别是遗传生物多样性的丧失，无论其起源是否与人类活动直接或间接有关，这种丧失似乎是不可逆转的。从现在起，必须作出紧急和相当大的努力，对生物多样性进行分类、了解、保护和提高其价值，同时确保食品安全和人类和动物健康。必须实施雄心勃勃的综合和多领域研究计划，以便了解生物多样性丧失的原因并预测其后果。这种损失对可持续发展和子孙后代的生活素质构成严重威胁。它们对全球生物多样性的自然平衡产生影响，特别是降低了物种通过基因突变迅速适应在改变的生态系统中生存的能力。通常，哺乳动物（包括人类和动物）的天然免疫系统是高度多态的，能够迅速适应新情况。我们更具体地讨论这样一个事实，即如果受影响人群的遗传多样性较低，入侵的微生物将突然扩大并造成流行病爆发，具有大流行的风险。因此，生物多样性似乎起着重要的屏障（缓冲）的作用，特别是对抗致病生物，它们可以以不同的方式起作用。最后，我们讨论了保护生物多样性的重要性，主要是在野生动物生态系统中，作为一种综合和可持续的方法，以预防和控制动物和人类疾病（人畜共患病）的出现或再次出现。虽然植物也是这个范例的一部分，但它们不在我们的研究范围之内。
First we remind general considerations concerning biodiversity on earth and particularly the loss of genetic biodiversity that seems irreversible whether its origin is directly or indirectly linked to human activities. Urgent and considerable efforts must be made from now on to cataloge, understand, preserve, and enhance the value of biodiversity while ensuring food safety and human and animal health. Ambitious integrated and multifield research programs must be implemented in order to understand the causes and anticipate the consequences of loss of biodiversity. Such losses are a serious threat to sustainable development and to the quality of life of future generations. They have an influence on the natural balance of global biodiversity in particularly in reducing the capability of species to adapt rapidly by genetic mutations to survive in modified ecosystems. Usually, the natural immune systems of mammals (both human and animal), are highly polymorphic and able to adapt rapidly to new situations. We more specifically discuss the fact that if the genetic diversity of the affected populations is low the invading microorganisms, will suddenly expand and create epidemic outbreaks with risks of pandemic. So biodiversity appears to function as an important barrier (buffer), especially against disease-causing organisms, which can function in different ways. Finally, we discuss the importance of preserving biodiversity mainly in the wildlife ecosystems as an integrated and sustainable approach among others in order to prevent and control the emergence or reemergence of diseases in animals and humans (zoonosis). Although plants are also part of this paradigm, they fall outside our field of study.