Causes and mechanisms of adipocyte enlargement and adipose expansion
Causes and mechanisms of adipocyte enlargement and adipose expansion
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DOI：
10.1111/obr.12646
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发表时间：
2018-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Farrell, G. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haczeyni, F.;Bell-Anderson, K. S.;Farrell, G. C.
脂肪组织在全身能量平衡中起着重要作用。肥胖相关的糖尿病、脂肪肝和代谢综合征与脂肪压力和功能障碍密切相关。遗传易感性、暴饮暴食和缺乏运动会影响脂肪组织的扩张。在恒定能量过剩的条件下，脂肪细胞变得肥大，脂肪组织经历增生，以增加其脂质储存能力，从而使循环血糖和脂肪酸保持在毒性水平以下。尽管如此，脂肪细胞有一个饱和点，在那里它们失去了储存更多脂质的能力。在这个阶段，当脂肪细胞完全充满脂质时，它们表达应激信号。来自具有严重代谢表型的肥胖个体的脂肪库（特别是内脏隔室）的特征在于高比例的肥大脂肪细胞。本文综述了脂肪细胞增大与脂肪酸和胆固醇代谢的关系，并考虑了这可能与脂肪功能障碍的机制。
Adipose tissue plays a significant role in whole body energy homeostasis. Obesity-associated diabetes, fatty liver and metabolic syndrome are closely linked to adipose stress and dysfunction. Genetic predisposition, overeating and physical inactivity influence the expansion of adipose tissues. Under conditions of constant energy surplus, adipocytes become hypertrophic and adipose tissues undergo hyperplasia so as to increase their lipid storage capacity, thereby keeping circulating blood glucose and fatty acids below toxic levels. Nonetheless, adipocytes have a saturation point where they lose capacity to store more lipids. At this stage, when adipocytes are fully lipid-engorged, they express stress signals. Adipose depots (particularly visceral compartments) from obese individuals with a severe metabolic phenotype are characterized by the high proportion of hypertrophic adipocytes. This review focuses on the mechanisms of adipocyte enlargement in relation to adipose fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism, and considers how this may be related to adipose dysfunction.