Oribatid mites show how climate and latitudinal gradients in organic matter can drive large-scale biodiversity patterns of soil communities
Oribatid mites show how climate and latitudinal gradients in organic matter can drive large-scale biodiversity patterns of soil communities
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DOI：
10.1111/jbi.13501
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Keith, Aidan M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Caruso, Tancredi;Schaefer, Ina;Keith, Aidan M.
目的 决定陆地无脊椎动物空间分布和多样性的因素通常在小尺度上进行研究。土壤动物缺乏大规模研究，土壤动物控制着微生物群落，是最多样化但鲜为人知的动物组合之一。在这里，我们分析了一个主要类群（Oribatida），以测试是否可以通过气候变量、植被和关键土壤特性的大规模变化来预测地下宏观生态模式。地点 我们利用乡村调查框架内收集的英国各地生物多样性数据，对 100 多个物种的多元分布进行了建模。方法 我们分析了在 162 公顷（10 x 10 公里）范围内收集的 582 个样本的物种级数据，涵盖了英国境内最大范围的植被类型、土壤特性和气候条件。我们创建了第一张全球范围内土壤动物多样性指标的大型地图，包括对系统发育多样性（PD）指标的新颖估计。利用结构方程模型，我们量化了位置（纬度、经度）、植物群落结构和降水等非生物因素对物种组成、丰富度和PD的直接和间接影响。结果我们发现物种组成的变化遵循纬度梯度，多样性普遍向北增加。物种组成的纬度变化通过物种丰富度和物种之间的系统发育距离的变化驱动PD。这个梯度主要是由降水和有机质的纬度变化决定的，它们是物种组成的很好的预测因子。然而，降水和有机质相对较弱，但对多样性指标具有统计显着性的预测作用。结论 过去的研究强调了高度多样化的土壤动物群落中物种分布的不可预测性和物种组成的变化。然而，过去的研究都是小规模进行的，随机因素可能会削弱确定性因素的信号。我们的研究中的甲螨首次表明，气候和有机质的大尺度纬度梯度不仅可以预测物种组成的变化，还可以预测土壤动物群落的分类和PD。
Aim The factors determining spatial distributions and diversity of terrestrial invertebrates are typically investigated at small scales. Large-scale studies are lacking for soil animals, which control microbial communities and represent one of the most diverse yet poorly known animal assemblages. Here, we analyzed a major group (Oribatida) to test whether belowground macroecological patterns can be predicted by climatic variables, vegetation and large-scale variation in key soil properties. Location We modelled the multivariate distribution of more than 100 species using biodiversity data collected across Great Britain in the framework of the Countryside Survey (). Methods We analyzed species-level data from 582 samples collected across 162 hectads (10 x 10 km) covering the largest possible range of vegetation types, soil properties and climatic conditions within GB. We created the first large-scale maps of soil animal diversity metrics at the GB scale, including novel estimates of metrics of phylogenetic diversity (PD). Using structural equation modelling, we quantified the direct and indirect effects of location (latitude, longitude), plant community structure and abiotic factors such as precipitation on species composition, richness and PD. Results We found that variation in species composition follows a latitudinal gradient with diversity generally increasing northward. The latitudinal variation in species composition drives PD via changes in both species richness and phylogenetic distance between species. This gradient is mostly determined by latitudinal variation in precipitation and organic matter, which were very good predictors of species composition. Precipitation and organic matter were, however, relatively weak while statistically significant predictors of diversity metrics. Conclusions Past studies have emphasized the unpredictability of species distributions and variation in species composition in hyper diverse soil animal communities. However, past studies were conducted at small scales, where stochastic factors may weaken the signal of deterministic factors. Oribatid mites in our study show for the first time that the large scale latitudinal gradients in climate and organic matter predict not only variation in species composition but also taxonomic and PD of soil animal communities.