Does Personality Predict Health and Well-Being? A Metasynthesis
Does Personality Predict Health and Well-Being? A Metasynthesis
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DOI：
10.1037/hea0000475
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发表时间：
2017-08-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Krizan, Zlatan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Strickhouser, Jason E.;Zell, Ethan;Krizan, Zlatan
目的：为了使用元分析理论（即，二阶元分析）。方法：36项荟萃分析，总共提供了来自50多万参与者的150项荟萃分析效果，符合纳入荟萃分析的标准。从每个荟萃分析中提取了方法学质量以及健康结局类型、不可靠性调整、抽样人群、健康结局来源、个性来源和研究设计的信息。未加权模型用于汇总荟萃分析中的数据。结果：当同时输入时，大五特质与整体健康状况中度相关（倍数（R）超过bar = 0.35）。当研究人员调整测量不可靠性时，检查心理健康结果比身体健康结果或健康相关行为时，人格-健康关系更大，使用自我报告而不是其他报告的大五量表，或者专注于临床而不是非临床样本。此外，影响更大的宜人性，愉快性，神经质比外向性或开放的经验。结论：这一元理论提供了迄今为止最令人信服的证据，即人格预测整体健康和幸福。此外，它可以为人格影响健康的机制研究以及人格结构研究提供信息。
Objective: To derive a robust and comprehensive estimate of the overall relation between Big Five personality traits and health variables using metasynthesis (i.e., second-order meta-analysis). Method: Thirty-six meta-analyses, which collectively provided 150 meta-analytic effects from over 500,000 participants, met criteria for inclusion in the metasynthesis. Information on methodological quality as well as the type of health outcome, unreliability adjustment, population sampled, health outcome source, personality source, and research design was extracted from each meta-analysis. An unweighted model was used to aggregate data across meta-analyses. Results: When entered simultaneously, the Big Five traits were moderately associated with overall health (multiple (R) over bar = .35). Personality-health relations were larger when examining mental health outcomes than physical health outcomes or health-related behaviors and when researchers adjusted for measurement unreliability, used self-report as opposed to other-report Big Five scales, or focused on clinical as opposed to nonclinical samples. Further, effects were larger among agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism than extraversion or openness to experience. Conclusions: This metasynthesis provides among the most compelling evidence to date that personality predicts overall health and well-being. In addition, it may inform research on the mechanisms by which personality impacts health as well as research on the structure of personality.