Sleep and cognitive functioning in childhood: Ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and sex as moderators.
Sleep and cognitive functioning in childhood: Ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and sex as moderators.
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DOI：
10.1037/dev0000319
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发表时间：
2017-07
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
El-Sheikh M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Philbrook LE;Hinnant JB;Elmore-Staton L;Buckhalt JA;El-Sheikh M
我们研究了儿童在9岁时的睡眠，作为9至11岁认知表现发展轨迹的预测指标。睡眠对认知的影响并不一致，因此我们测试了种族/民族、社会经济地位和性别作为这些关联的调节因子。在第一次评估中，282名9.44岁的儿童（52%的男孩，65%的欧洲裔美国人，35%的非洲裔美国人）参与。随后又进行了两次数据收集，间隔一年。大多数儿童（63%）生活在贫困线或贫困线以下。用活动记录仪客观地测量儿童的睡眠，并得出两个公认的睡眠参数：持续时间，以睡眠开始和醒来时间之间的睡眠时间为指标，质量，以效率为指标。采用伍德考克·约翰逊认知能力测验对多个认知功能域进行了检查。在整个样本中，更高的睡眠效率，而不是持续时间，与更好的认知表现有关。出现了显著的调节效应。在控制社会经济地位的情况下，只有在9岁时睡眠效率较低的情况下，AA儿童在11岁时的一般智力和工作记忆得分较低。此外，只有当男孩在9岁时睡眠效率较低时，他们在11岁时的一般能力和处理速度得分才会较低。研究结果表明，睡眠效率较低可能会导致认知功能下降，尤其是对嗜酒成瘾的儿童和男孩。这些漏洞似乎出现在开发早期，并随着时间的推移而得到维护。结果强调了个体差异在解释睡眠与儿童认知表现之间关系中的重要性。
We examined children's sleep at age 9 as a predictor of developmental trajectories of cognitive performance from ages 9 to 11 years. The effects of sleep on cognition are not uniform and thus we tested race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and sex as moderators of these associations. At the first assessment, 282 children aged 9.44 years (52% boys, 65% European American, 35% African American) participated. Two more waves of data collection spaced one year apart followed. The majority of children (63%) were living at or below the poverty line. Children's sleep was measured objectively with actigraphy and two well-established sleep parameters were derived: duration, indexed by sleep minutes between sleep onset and wake time, and quality, indexed by efficiency. Multiple cognitive functioning domains were examined with the Woodcock Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities. Across the sample, higher sleep efficiency, but not duration, was associated with better cognitive performance. Significant moderation effects emerged. Controlling for socioeconomic status, AA children scored lower on general intellectual ability and working memory at age 11 only if they experienced lower sleep efficiency at age 9. Further, boys scored lower on general abilities and processing speed at age 11 only if their sleep efficiency was lower at age 9. Findings indicate that lower sleep efficiency may contribute to lower cognitive functioning especially for AA children and boys. These vulnerabilities appear to emerge early in development and are maintained over time. Results underscore the importance of individual differences in explicating relations between sleep and children's cognitive performance.