Quirky citizens: Autism, gender, and reimagining disability
Quirky citizens: Autism, gender, and reimagining disability
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DOI：
10.1086/528848
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Bumiller, Kristin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bumiller, Kristin
女权主义残疾学术提出了关于身份形成和社会排斥的新问题(Garland-Thomson 2005)。通过唤起残疾的概念，从根本上驳斥残疾是自然残疾还是有害残疾的假设，这些研究遵循了对性别和种族的社会结构的批评，并制定了新的理由来消灭社会残疾类别。这一学术问题让女权主义者对性别、性行为、遗传和生殖问题，以及女性作为照顾者的角色的概念产生了不安。它重新引起了人们对如何促进各种表现形式的多样性和促进一个更具包容性的社会的问题的兴趣。因此，残疾人作为可识别的群体在民主社会中主张自己的地位，并要求融入社会。自闭症患者是其斗争引发民主参与的重要问题的一个群体。尽管与运动障碍等其他残疾相比，被诊断为自闭症的人数很少，但根据大多数流行病学数据报告，被诊断为自闭症的儿童数量正在迅速上升。自闭症是一种神经功能障碍，会影响社会功能。尽管自闭症流行的说法存在争议(Gernsbacher，Dawson和Goldsmith 2005)，但在过去的30年里，全球自闭症的发病率可能增加了三到四倍(Newschaffer，Falb和Gurney 2005)。1自闭症发病率的上升最常被视为一种公共健康危机。因此，无论是学术评论还是大众评论，似乎都最关注将其作为一种疾病来管理。然而，自闭症也是值得注意的，因为它对妇女和性别研究的许多核心问题具有重要意义，包括性别认同、性行为、母亲身份以及新生殖技术的影响。从女权主义残疾学术的角度来看，最明显的两个问题是：
Feminist disability scholarship has raised new issues about identity for-mation and social exclusion (Garland-Thomson 2005). By evoking a notion of disability that fundamentally disputes the assumption of disablement as natural or a detriment, these studies follow critiques of the social construction of gender and race and also chart out new grounds to extinguish socially disabling categories. This scholarship has unsettled how feminists conceptualize gender, sexuality, genetic and reproductive issues, and the role of women as caretakers. It has renewed interest in the question of how to promote diversity in all its manifestations and to further a more inclusive society. As a consequence, people with disabilities are asserting their place in democratic societies as identifiable groups and making demands for inclusion. One group whose struggles raise important issues for democratic participation is people with autism. While the number of people diagnosed with autism, a neurological disability with consequences for social functioning, is small relative to other disabilities such as motor impairments, according to most reports of epidemiological data the number of children being diagnosed with this disorder is rapidly escalating. Although claims of an autism epidemic are disputed (Gernsbacher, Dawson, and Goldsmith 2005), over the past thirty years the incident rate of autism worldwide may have increased three-to fourfold (Newschaffer, Falb, and Gurney 2005). 1 The rising incidence of autism is most commonly seen as a public health crisis. Consequently, both scholarly and popular commentary seem most concerned with managing it as a disease. Yet, autism is remarkable also for its significance to many issues at the core of women’s and gender studies, including gender identification, sexuality, motherhood, and the impact of new reproductive technologies. From the perspective of feminist disability scholarship, the two most evident questions to explore are these: