From Data Processes to Data Products: Knowledge Infrastructures in Astronomy
From Data Processes to Data Products: Knowledge Infrastructures in Astronomy
复制标题
从数据处理到数据产品：天文学知识基础设施
DOI：
10.1162/99608f92.4e792052
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Morgan F. Wofford
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Borgman;Morgan F. Wofford
我们探索天文学家如何从望远镜获取观测数据，将其处理成可用的科学数据产品，整理它们以供以后使用，并重复使用数据以进行进一步的调查。天文学家在知识基础设施上投入了大量资金——由人员、文物和机构组成的强大网络，生成、共享和维护有关人类和自然世界的特定知识。本文根据十年来的采访和民族志，比较了三个天文学团体如何捕获、处理和存档数据以及为谁收集、处理和存档数据。斯隆数字巡天是一项配备专用望远镜和仪器的任务，而黑洞小组和综合天文学小组（均为化名）则是以大学为基础、由研究人员主导的合作项目。调查结果分为四个主题：这些项目如何开发和维护其工作流程；他们如何捕获和存档数据；他们如何维护和修复知识基础设施；以及他们如何随着时间的推移使用和重用数据产品。我们发现天文学家将他们的研究方法编码在称为管道的软件中。算法有助于将望远镜瞄准目标、消除伪影、校准仪器并完成无数的验证任务。观测结果可能会被多次重新处理，成为服务于新科学目的的新数据产品。以科学出版物的形式生产知识是这些项目的主要目标。他们维持数据产品访问的激励措施和资源各不相同。我们的结论是，软件管道是天文知识基础设施的重要组成部分，但很脆弱，难以维护和修复，而且往往是看不见的。重复使用数据产品是天文学的基础，无论这些资源是否公开。我们为天文学等科学领域的数据产品的持续访问提出建议。
We explore how astronomers take observational data from telescopes, process them into usable scientific data products, curate them for later use, and reuse data for further inquiry. Astronomers have invested heavily in knowledge infrastructures - robust networks of people, artifacts, and institutions that generate, share, and maintain specific knowledge about the human and natural worlds. Drawing upon a decade of interviews and ethnography, this article compares how three astronomy groups capture, process, and archive data, and for whom. The Sloan Digital Sky Survey is a mission with a dedicated telescope and instruments, while the Black Hole Group and Integrative Astronomy Group (both pseudonyms) are university-based, investigator-led collaborations. Findings are organized into four themes: how these projects develop and maintain their workflows; how they capture and archive their data; how they maintain and repair knowledge infrastructures; and how they use and reuse data products over time. We found that astronomers encode their research methods in software known as pipelines. Algorithms help to point telescopes at targets, remove artifacts, calibrate instruments, and accomplish myriad validation tasks. Observations may be reprocessed many times to become new data products that serve new scientific purposes. Knowledge production in the form of scientific publications is the primary goal of these projects. They vary in incentives and resources to sustain access to their data products. We conclude that software pipelines are essential components of astronomical knowledge infrastructures, but are fragile, difficult to maintain and repair, and often invisible. Reusing data products is fundamental to the science of astronomy, whether or not those resources are made publicly available. We make recommendations for sustaining access to data products in scientific fields such as astronomy.
DOI：
10.3847/1538-4357/ab517d
发表时间：
2019-10
期刊：
The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子：
--
作者：
C. Zucker;Rowan J. Smith;A. Goodman
通讯作者：
C. Zucker;Rowan J. Smith;A. Goodman