Energy-conscious, deterministic I/O device scheduling in hard real-time systems
Energy-conscious, deterministic I/O device scheduling in hard real-time systems
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DOI：
10.1109/tcad.2003.814245
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发表时间：
2003-07
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
V. Swaminathan;K. Chakrabarty
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文献类型：
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作者：
V. Swaminathan;K. Chakrabarty
能耗是嵌入式和便携式系统的重要设计参数。软件控制（或动态）电源管理（DPM）已经成为不灵活的硬件解决方案的一个有吸引力的替代方案。然而，通过I/O设备调度的实时系统DPM以前没有被考虑过。我们提出了一个在线I/O设备调度器，我们称之为低能耗设备调度器（LEDES），用于降低I/O设备能耗的硬实时系统。led将预先确定的任务时间表和每个任务的设备使用列表作为输入，并为每个设备生成睡眠/工作状态序列，从而使设备的能量消耗最小化。它还保证不违反实时约束。然后，我们提出了一个更通用的I/O设备调度器，我们称之为多状态约束的低能量调度器（MUSCLES），用于处理具有多个电源状态的I/O设备。MUSCLES为每个I/O设备生成一系列电源状态，同时保证不违反实时约束。我们提出了几个现实的案例研究，表明led和muscle显著降低了硬实时系统的能耗。
Energy consumption is an important design parameter for embedded and portable systems. Software-controlled (or dynamic) power management (DPM) has emerged as an attractive alternative to inflexible hardware solutions. However, DPM via I/O device scheduling for real-time systems has not been considered before. We present an online I/O device scheduler, which we call low-energy device scheduler (LEDES), for hard real-time systems that reduces the energy consumption of I/O devices. LEDES takes as inputs a predetermined task schedule and a device-usage list for each task and it generates a sequence of sleep/working states for each device such that the energy consumption of the device is minimized. It also guarantees that real-time constraints are not violated. We then present a more general I/O device scheduler, which we call multistate constrained low-energy scheduler (MUSCLES), for handling I/O devices with multiple power states. MUSCLES generates a sequence of power states for each I/O device while guaranteeing that real-time constraints are not violated. We present several realistic case studies to show that LEDES and MUSCLES reduce energy consumption significantly for hard real-time systems.