Expertise and age differences in pilot decision making.
Expertise and age differences in pilot decision making.
复制标题
飞行员决策中的专业知识和年龄差异。
DOI：
10.1080/13825580802195641
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Stine-Morrow,ElizabethAL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Morrow,DanielG;Miller,LisaMSoederberg;Ridolfo,HeatherE;Magnor,Clifford;Fischer,UteM;Kokayeff,NinaK;Stine-Morrow,ElizabethAL
我们研究了年龄和专业知识对飞行员决策的影响。年长和年轻的专家和新手飞行员以自己的速度阅读描述简单或复杂飞行情况的情景。然后在一个标准的访谈中，他们讨论了场景问题以及他们将如何应对。对方案进行编码，以识别问题和解决方案，以及对问题和解决方案进行阐述的频率。情景理解是通过访谈后回答关于情景的问题的准确性来衡量的，即分配给问题关键信息和情景记忆的不同阅读时间。所有小组都准确地识别出了问题，但专家比新手更详细地描述了问题。专家们还花了更多的时间阅读复杂情景中的关键信息，这可能反映了为问题建立详细的情景模型所需的时间。专业知识理解的好处是相似的老年人和年轻飞行员。与年轻专家相比，年长的专家特别有可能详细说明问题，而与年轻同行相比，年长的新手不太可能详细说明问题并确定适当的解决方案。研究结果表明，年龄不变性的知识为基础的理解相关的飞行员决策。
We examined the influence of age and expertise on pilot decision making. Older and younger expert and novice pilots read at their own pace scenarios describing simpler or more complex flight situations. Then in a standard interview they discussed the scenario problem and how they would respond. Protocols were coded for identification of problem and solutions to this problem, and frequency of elaborations on problem and solution. Scenario comprehension was measured as differential reading time allocation to problem-critical information and scenario memory by the accuracy of answering questions about the scenarios after the interview. All groups accurately identified the problems, but experts elaborated problem descriptions more than novices did. Experts also spent more time reading critical information in the complex scenarios, which may reflect time needed to develop elaborate situation models of the problems. Expertise comprehension benefits were similar for older and younger pilots. Older experts were especially likely to elaborate the problem compared to younger experts, while older novices were less likely to elaborate the problem and to identify appropriate solutions compared to their younger counterparts. The findings suggest age invariance in knowledge-based comprehension relevant to pilot decision making.