Evaluation of convection‐permitting model simulations of cloud populations associated with the Madden‐Julian Oscillation using data collected during the AMIE/DYNAMO field campaign
Evaluation of convection‐permitting model simulations of cloud populations associated with the Madden‐Julian Oscillation using data collected during the AMIE/DYNAMO field campaign
复制标题
使用 AMIE/DYNAMO 现场活动期间收集的数据评估与马登-朱利安振荡相关的云群的对流允许模型模拟
DOI：
10.1002/2014jd022143
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Thompson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Hagos;Zhe Feng;C. Burleyson;K. Lim;C. Long;Di Wu;G. Thompson
根据地面雷达和船基观测，对 2011 年大气辐射测量 (ARM) 马登-朱利安振荡调查实验/马登-朱利安振荡实验动力学 (AMIE/DYNAMO) 现场活动期间观测到的云群区域对流允许模型模拟进行了评估。在天气研究和预报（WRF）模型中，检查了模型模拟反射率、地表降雨率和冷池统计数据对四种最先进的双矩体微物理方案中雨滴破碎/自收集参数变化的敏感性。模型模拟通常高估了大型和深层对流单元的反射率，而低估了层状雨和冷池的频率。在敏感性实验中，引入更积极的雨滴破碎或降低自收集效率增加了所有模拟中的冷池出现频率，并略微降低了一些方案中的反射率和降水统计偏差，但对总体平均地表降水影响不大。云群的雷达观测和模型模拟都显示了对流回波顶高度与等效对流单元半径之间的近似幂律关系。
Regional convection‐permitting model simulations of cloud populations observed during the 2011 Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Madden‐Julian Oscillation Investigation Experiment/Dynamics of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation Experiment (AMIE/DYNAMO) field campaign are evaluated against ground‐based radar and ship‐based observations. Sensitivity of model simulated reflectivity, surface rain rate, and cold pool statistics to variations of raindrop breakup/self‐collection parameters in four state‐of‐the‐art two‐moment bulk microphysics schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is examined. The model simulations generally overestimate reflectivity from large and deep convective cells, and underestimate stratiform rain and the frequency of cold pools. In the sensitivity experiments, introduction of more aggressive raindrop breakup or decreasing the self‐collection efficiency increases the cold pool occurrence frequency in all of the simulations, and slightly reduces the reflectivity and precipitation statistics bias in some schemes but has little effect on the overall mean surface precipitation. Both the radar observations and model simulations of cloud populations show an approximate power law relationship between convective echo‐top height and equivalent convective cell radius.