Population genetic evidence for cold adaptation in European Drosophila melanogaster populations
Population genetic evidence for cold adaptation in European Drosophila melanogaster populations
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DOI：
10.1111/mec.13464
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发表时间：
2016-03-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Wollstein, Andreas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bozicevic, Vedran;Hutter, Stephan;Wollstein, Andreas
我们研究了来自欧洲（荷兰和法国）和非洲（卢旺达和赞比亚）的果蝇种群，以揭示适应寒冷的遗传证据。我们从四个角度提出了涉及冷适应的基因的四条证据：（i）先前已知与冷昏迷恢复时间（CCRT）、惊吓反射（SR）和饥饿应激抵抗（RSS）相关的基因的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）频率随环境梯度而变化，因此在人群中也有所不同； (ii) 非洲和欧洲人群中与纬度和海拔显着相关的基因 SNP 与与北美纬度相关的 SNP 重叠； (iii) 在全基因组水平上，排名靠前的候选基因在与耐冷性相关的基因本体论（GO）术语中得到丰富； (iv) 来自北美临床基因的 GO 富集术语与来自非洲和欧洲的术语显着重叠。每个 SNP 在 10 次独立的 Bayenv2 运行中进行测试，使用中值贝叶斯因子来确定候选基因。在世界性倒位断点附近没有发现任何候选基因，并且只有四个候选基因与 CCRT 相关的 QTL 连锁。为了克服我们仅使用四个群体来测试与环境梯度的相关性的限制，我们进行了模拟来估计我们的方法检测选择的能力。根据我们的结果，我们提出了一种参与冷适应的新型基因网络。
We studied Drosophila melanogaster populations from Europe (the Netherlands and France) and Africa (Rwanda and Zambia) to uncover genetic evidence of adaptation to cold. We present here four lines of evidence for genes involved in cold adaptation from four perspectives: (i) the frequency of SNPs at genes previously known to be associated with chill-coma recovery time (CCRT), startle reflex (SR) and resistance to starvation stress (RSS) vary along environmental gradients and therefore among populations; (ii) SNPs of genes that correlate significantly with latitude and altitude in African and European populations overlap with SNPs that correlate with a latitudinal cline from North America; (iii) at the genomewide level, the top candidate genes are enriched in gene ontology (GO) terms that are related to cold tolerance; (iv) GO enriched terms from North American clinal genes overlap significantly with those from Africa and Europe. Each SNP was tested in 10 independent runs of Bayenv2, using the median Bayes factors to ascertain candidate genes. None of the candidate genes were found close to the breakpoints of cosmopolitan inversions, and only four candidate genes were linked to QTLs related to CCRT. To overcome the limitation that we used only four populations to test correlations with environmental gradients, we performed simulations to estimate the power of our approach for detecting selection. Based on our results, we propose a novel network of genes that is involved in cold adaptation.