Sharp and Gradual Mountain Timberlines as a Result of Species Interaction
Sharp and Gradual Mountain Timberlines as a Result of Species Interaction
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物种相互作用导致的尖锐和渐变的山林线
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4612-2804-2_18
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发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. D. Armand
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. D. Armand
一个多世纪以来，俄罗斯科学家一直对相邻自然复合体之间的过渡地带感兴趣。杰出的地理学家、地球植物学家和土壤科学家特别研究了急剧渐变的问题。控制交错带清晰度的因素至今仍有争议。关于俄罗斯欧洲部分黑钙土（黑土）的经典著作（Dokuchaev 1983）强调土壤类型之间的界限是逐渐过渡的。在植物学文献中，已经确定自然树带界线可以是清晰的，也可以是渐进的（Vysotsky 1909）。地理边界的清晰程度被用作其分类的重要特征（Semenov-Tian-Shansky 1928）。D.L. Armand（1955）提出了一个量化指标来表示从一种景观类型逐渐过渡到另一种景观类型的程度。大多数地植物学家接受了植被覆盖作为连续体的概念，将其划分为群落，而不是通过边界，而是通过渐变的数量变化的梯度（Vasilevich 1967, Aleksandrova 1969， Mirkin和Rozenberg 1978）。然而，一些植物学家和地理学家—景观专家持相反的观点。他们认为突变是自然系统的典型特征（Solntsev 1949, Razumovsky 1981）。
Russian scientists have been interested in transition zones between adjacent natural complexes for more than a century. Distinguished geographers, geobotanists, and soil scientists investigated, in particular, the problem of sharp and gradual transitions. The factors controlling ecotone sharpness remain debatable today. The classical work on the chernozem soils (black earths) in the European part of Russia (Dokuchaev 1983) emphasizes that boundaries between soil types are gradual transitions. In botanical literature, it has been established that natural timberlines can be either clearly pronounced or gradual (Vysotsky 1909). The degree of sharpness of geographical boundaries was used as an important characteristic for their classification (Semenov-Tian-Shansky 1928). D.L. Armand (1955) suggested a quantitative index to denote the degree of gradual transition from one landscape type to another. Most of the geobotanists accepted the concept of vegetation cover as a continuum divided into communities not so much by the boundaries as by the gradients of gradual quantitative changes (Vasilevich 1967, Aleksandrova 1969, Mirkin and Rozenberg 1978). Some of the botanists and geographers—landscape-specialists hold an opposite point of view, however. They believe that abrupt transitions are typical of natural systems (Solntsev 1949, Razumovsky 1981).