Element speciation in UK biomass power plant residues based on composition, mineralogy, microstructure and leaching
Element speciation in UK biomass power plant residues based on composition, mineralogy, microstructure and leaching
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fuel.2017.09.103
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Wood, Ian G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bogush, Anna A.;Stegemann, Julia A.;Wood, Ian G.
由于生物质发电厂的数量不断增加，生物质灰管理在许多国家成为一个日益严重的问题。生物质灰烬的综合表征，重点是元素形态和营养物（如钾和磷）和污染物的溶解度，对这些残留物的潜在利用土壤营养至关重要。所有的英国生物质灰烬，无论是来自家禽垃圾、肉骨粉还是秸秆的燃烧，都是碱性的，含有高浓度的P、K和Ca。生物质空气污染控制（APC）残留物与底层灰烬相比，富含K、Cl、S和Zn，含有较少的亲石元素，如Al、Ca、P、Mg、Si、Ti和Ba。P以磷灰石和其他磷酸盐（家禽垃圾燃烧产生的底灰中的磷酸氢钾和磷酸铁钾）的形式出现；2)禽畜垃圾燃烧产生的APC残渣作为磷酸钾钠钙。钾主要存在于钾盐、隐石和一些磷酸盐中。Na、K、Cl和S很容易被生物质APC残留物的水浸出。但磷、钙、镁的水淋溶量很低，磷的淋溶可能受羟基磷灰石控制。水中的锌、铜和铅似乎以中性和阴离子氢氧化物的形式存在，它们是有毒的，对活生物体来说是容易接近的化学形式。禽畜窝底灰作为钾肥在农业上的应用是适宜的。但是，APC残留物不适合直接施用于农田，而应考虑从这些物质中回收钾和磷。
Biomass ash management is an escalating issue in many countries because of increasing numbers of biomass power plants. Comprehensive characterization of biomass ashes with emphasis on element speciation, and solubility of nutrients (e.g., K and P) and pollutants is essential for potential utilization of these residues for soil nutrition. All the UK biomass ashes investigated, whether from combustion of poultry litter, meat and bone meal, and straw, were alkaline and contained high concentrations of P, K, and Ca. The biomass air pollution control (APC) residues were enriched in K, Cl, S and Zn, and contained less lithophile elements, such as Al, Ca, P, Mg, Si, Ti, and Ba, compared to the bottom ashes. P appeared in: 1) bottom ashes as apatite and other phosphates (potassium hydrogen phosphate and potassium iron phosphate in the bottom ashes from combustion of poultry litter); 2) APC residues from combustion of poultry litter as potassium sodium calcium phosphate. K is present mainly in sylvite, arcanite, and some phosphates. Na, K, Cl, and S were easily leached by water from the biomass APC residues. However, water leaching of P, Ca, and Mg was very low, with leaching of P possibly controlled by hydroxyapatite. Aqueous Zn, Cu and Pb appear to prevail in the form of neutral and anionic hydroxide complexes, which are toxic and easily accessible chemical forms for live organisms. Application of the poultry litter bottom ashes as a PK fertiliser in agriculture is appropriate. However, direct application of APC residues to agricultural fields is not appropriate but recovery of K and P from that material should be considered.