Hardcore smokers: What do we know?
Hardcore smokers: What do we know?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.07.020
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发表时间：
2014-12-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Hahn, Ellen J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Darville, Audrey;Hahn, Ellen J.
目的：长期以来，文献中一直注意到吸烟者对戒烟治疗有抵抗性。随着吸烟率停滞不前，这些吸烟者的比例是否在增加，这一问题一直存在争议。研究对铁杆吸烟者的定义并不一致，而且是在特定疾病、成瘾、人口和/或理论范式的背景下定义的。本综述检查了与铁杆吸烟者相关的现有文献，以更好地了解这一群体的已知和未知情况，以指导戒烟治疗。方法：PubMed MESH检索和回顾1998年至2012年的研究出版物（N = 61）。结果：不一致的硬核吸烟定义使得难以估计患病率和确定持续吸烟者的具体特征。一般来说，持续吸烟者对尼古丁的依赖程度较高，不成比例地来自社会经济地位较低的群体，开始吸烟的年龄较早，并且更有可能有心理上的合发性疾病。讨论：将一些吸烟者定义为铁杆吸烟者是有限的。有针对性和量身定制的干预措施，戒烟持续吸烟已证明在少数研究的有效性。需要解决获得治疗的障碍，以提高持续吸烟者戒烟的覆盖面和有效性。努力限制早期开始使用烟草是避免持续吸烟的一个关键因素。(C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Aims: The existence of smokers who are resistant to smoking cessation treatment has long been noted in the literature. There has been ongoing debate as to whether the proportion of these smokers is increasing as smoking prevalence rates stagnate. Studies define hardcore smokers inconsistently and within the context of specific illnesses, addiction, population, and/or theoretical paradigms. This review examines the existing literature related to hardcore smokers to develop a better understanding of what is known and not known about this group to guide smoking cessation treatmentMethods: PubMed MESH search and review of research publications from 1998 to 2012 (N = 61).Results: Inconsistent definitions of hardcore smoking make it difficult to estimate prevalence rates and to identify specific characteristics of persistent smokers. Generally, persistent smokers have higher levels of nicotine dependence, are disproportionately from lower socioeconomic groups, start smoking at an earlier age, and are more likely to have a psychological co-morbidity.Discussion: Defining some smokers as hardcore is limiting. Targeted and tailored interventions for smoking cessation for persistent smoking have demonstrated effectiveness in a small number of studies. Treatment access barriers need to be addressed to improve the reach and effectiveness of cessation with persistent smokers. Efforts to limit early age initiation of tobacco use are a critical element in averting persistent smoking. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.