Anti-vaccination movements and their interpretations
Anti-vaccination movements and their interpretations
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.06.020
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发表时间：
2006-02-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Blume, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blume, S
在过去的二三十年里，工业化国家越来越多的父母选择不给孩子接种疫苗。在试图解释为什么会发生这种情况时，公共卫生评论员提到了反疫苗接种“运动”的活动。根据对（新）社会运动三十年的研究，将疫苗接种率下降归因于有影响力的反疫苗接种运动的行动有什么意义？两种类型的经验数据，主要来自英国和荷兰，进行了审查。这些问题一方面与反疫苗接种团体的主张、行动和言论有关，另一方面与幼儿父母对疫苗和疫苗油的看法有关。将反疫苗接种团体视为（新的）社会运动组织（与压力团体或自助组织不同）在理论上有多大意义，目前还不清楚。无论如何，没有简单和明确的划分标准。然而，从公共卫生的角度来看，将注意力集中在有组织的疫苗接种反对者身上是有吸引力的，因为它将卫生专业人员团结在理性的旗帜后面。与此同时，它转移了人们对疫苗接种做法的潜在破坏性批评的注意力;事实上，许多父母都表达了这种批评。根据目前的理论讨论的“科学公民”，本文认为，确定反疫苗接种群体与其他社会运动可能最终会产生相反的效果，预期的。(c)2005爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Over the last two or three decades, growing numbers of parents in the industrialized world are choosing not to have their children vaccinated. In trying to explain why this is occurring, public health commentators refer to the activities of an anti-vaccination 'movement'. In the light of three decades of research on (new) social movements, what sense does it make to attribute decline in vaccination rates to the actions of an influential anti-vaccination movement? Two sorts of empirical data, drawn largely from UK and the Netherlands, are reviewed. These relate to the claims, actions and discourse of anti-vaccination groups on the one hand, and to the way parents of young children think about vaccines and vaccination oil the other. How much theoretical sense it makes to view anti-vaccination groups as (new) social movement organizations (as distinct from pressure groups or self-help organizations) is as yet unclear. In any event there is no simple and unambiguous demarcation criterion. From a public health perspective, however, to focus attention on organized opponents of vaccination is appealing because it unites health professionals behind a banner of reason. At the same time it diverts attention from a potentially disruptive critique of vaccination practices; the critique in fact articulated by many parents. In the light of current theoretical discussion of 'scientific citizenship' this paper argues that identifying anti-vaccination groups with other social movements may ultimately have the opposite effect to that intended. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.