Effects of graded levels of Fusarium toxin contaminated wheat in diets for fattening pigs on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, deoxynivalenol balance and clinical serum characteristics
Effects of graded levels of Fusarium toxin contaminated wheat in diets for fattening pigs on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, deoxynivalenol balance and clinical serum characteristics
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DOI：
10.1080/0003942031000161045
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发表时间：
2004-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Flachowsky, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dänicke, S;Valenta, H;Flachowsky, G
对猪进行了剂量反应研究，以检查增加日粮脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 (DON) 浓度对生产性能、临床血清特征、营养物质消化率和 DON 代谢的影响。为此，将天然受镰刀菌毒素污染的小麦以越来越大的比例掺入猪日粮中，以在实验第一阶段（14天）的起始阶段（14天）计算出日粮DON浓度为0、2.3和4.6毫克/千克，在实验第三阶段（56天）期间，起始/生长日粮中计算出0/0、1.2/1.4、2.3/3.7毫克/千克。每种日粮均在 16 头雌雄猪身上进行了测试，初始平均活重约为 28 公斤。恢复阶段（第 2 阶段、第 21 天）插在生长实验的第 1 阶段和第 3 阶段之间，其中所有组均饲喂未受污染的对照日粮，因为在第 1 阶段期间暴露于最高日粮 DON 浓度的一些猪几乎完全拒绝提供的饲料。受影响的猪在此阶段完全康复。在第 3 阶段，当饲喂 DON 浓度较低的日粮时，没有检测到性能差异。血清临床特征（指示肝损伤的酶、总蛋白、免疫球蛋白）对饮食中 DON 浓度的增加没有反应。随着饮食中 DON 浓度的增加，血清中 DON 浓度以剂量反应相关的方式增加。然而，该参数与任何检查的性能参数或血清特征不相关或仅微弱相关。此外，除了粗脂肪消化率没有受到持续影响外，日粮的营养物质消化率和氮保留不受处理的影响。尿液中 DON 及其代谢物脱环氧 DON 的浓度随着膳食 DON 浓度的增加而增加，呈强线性相关。脱环氧DON的排泄量占DON加脱环氧DON的总尿排泄量的比例线性上升至约4%。 DON 加脱环氧 DON 的总回收率占 DON 摄入量的百分比在 45% 至 57% 之间变化，并且不受膳食 DON 浓度的影响。粪便中仅回收了摄入 DON 的一小部分（约 0.1%）。
A dose response study was carried out with pigs in order to examine the effects of increasing dietary deoxynivalenol (DON)-concentrations on performance, clinical serum characteristics, nutrient digestibility and DON-metabolism. For this purpose, wheat contaminated naturally with Fusarium toxins was incorporated into pig diets at increasing proportions to give calculated dietary DON-concentrations of 0, 2.3 and 4.6 mg/kg during the starter period of phase 1 (14 d) of the experiment, and 0/0, 1.2/1.4, 2.3/3.7 mg/kg starter/grower diet during phase 3 (56 d) of the experiment. Each diet was tested on 16 pigs of both sexes with an initial average live weight of approximately 28 kg. A recovery phase (phase 2, 21 d) was intercalated between phase 1 and 3 of the growth experiment where all groups were fed with the uncontaminated control diet since some pigs exposed to the highest dietary DON-concentration during phase 1 nearly completely refused the offered feed. Affected pigs completely recovered during this phase. In phase 3, when diets with lower DON-concentrations were fed, no differences in performance could be detected. Serum clinical characteristics (enzymes indicating liver damage, total protein, immunoglobulins) did not respond to increasing DON-concentration in the diets. DON-concentration in serum increased in a dose-response-related manner as dietary DON-concentration increased. However, this parameter was not or only weakly correlated to any of the examined performance parameters or serum characteristics. Also, nutrient digestibility of the diets and N-retention were not affected by treatments with the exception of crude fat digestibility which was not consistently influenced. Concentration of DON and its metabolite de-epoxy-DON increased in urine with increasing dietary DON-concentration in a strongly linearly related fashion. The proportion of the excretion of de-epoxy-DON of the total urinary excretion of DON plus de-epoxy-DON rose linearly up to approximately 4%. Total recovery of DON plus de-epoxy-DON as percentage of DON-intake varied between 45 and 57% and was not influenced by dietary DON-concentration. Only a very small fraction of approximately 0.1% of ingested DON was recovered in faeces.