Dietary composition specifies consumption, obesity, and lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster
Dietary composition specifies consumption, obesity, and lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1474-9726.2008.00400.x
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发表时间：
2008-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Pletcher, Scott D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Skorupa, Danielle A.;Dervisefendic, Azra;Pletcher, Scott D.
无法适当平衡能量摄入和消耗与营养供应构成了当今一些最紧迫的健康问题的基础，包括糖尿病和肥胖症。营养平衡的机制也可能是饮食限制的根源，这是一种操纵，减少营养供应可以延长寿命，改善许多物种与年龄有关的恶化。传统的观点认为，饮食中最重要的方面是其能量（即热量）含量目前正在审查中。关注饮食构成、突出更细微特征的假说开始出现。以黑腹果蝇为研究对象，我们询问了饮食成分是否足以影响行为、生理和寿命，而与其热量含量无关。我们发现，给苍蝇提供富含酵母的饮食会产生瘦的、有繁殖能力的动物，而且摄食率会降低。另一方面，过量的膳食糖会促进肥胖，并在衰老过程中被放大。添加膳食酵母通常限制或逆转与膳食糖增加相关的表型变化，反之亦然，膳食不平衡与寿命缩短相关。我们的数据显示，饮食组成，单独和与整体热量摄入相结合，调节寿命，消费和脂肪沉积在苍蝇，他们提供了一个有用的基础解剖潜在的遗传机制，特定的营养素与一般健康和长寿的重要方面。
The inability to properly balance energy intake and expenditure with nutrient supply forms the basis for some of today's most pressing health issues, including diabetes and obesity. Mechanisms of nutrient homeostasis may also lie at the root of dietary restriction, a manipulation whereby reduced nutrient availability extends lifespan and ameliorates age-related deteriorations in many species. The traditional belief that the most important aspect of the diet is its energetic (i.e. caloric) content is currently under scrutiny. Hypotheses that focus on diet composition and highlight more subtle characteristics are beginning to emerge. Using Drosophila melanogaster, we asked whether diet composition alone, independent of its caloric content, was sufficient to impact behavior, physiology, and lifespan. We found that providing flies with a yeast-rich diet produced lean, reproductively competent animals with reduced feeding rates. Excess dietary sugar, on the other hand, promoted obesity, which was magnified during aging. Addition of dietary yeast often limited or reversed the phenotypic changes associated with increased dietary sugar and vice versa, and dietary imbalance was associated with reduced lifespan. Our data reveal that diet composition, alone and in combination with overall caloric intake, modulates lifespan, consumption, and fat deposition in flies, and they provide a useful foundation for dissecting the underlying genetic mechanisms that link specific nutrients with important aspects of general health and longevity.