Acute Stress Induces Selective Alterations in Cost/Benefit Decision-Making
Acute Stress Induces Selective Alterations in Cost/Benefit Decision-Making
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DOI：
10.1038/npp.2012.69
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Floresco, Stan B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shafiei, Naghmeh;Gray, Megan;Floresco, Stan B.
急性应激可以对不同形式的认知产生有益或有害的影响。在本研究中，我们评估了急性约束压力对不同形式的成本/效益决策的影响，以及可能导致这些影响的一些激素和神经化学机制。评估了基于努力的决策，其中大鼠在低努力/奖励（1次按压= 2粒）或高努力/奖励选项（4粒）之间进行选择，其中努力要求在4个试验块（2、5、10和20次杠杆按压）中增加。抑制应激1小时降低了对更昂贵的奖励的偏好，并诱导了更长的选择延迟。控制实验表明，对决策的影响并不介导的动机或偏好较大的奖励一般减少。相比之下，急性应激并不影响延迟折扣，当大鼠选择小/立即与较大/延迟奖励。应激对决策的影响不能通过生理剂量的皮质酮（1-3毫克/公斤）来模拟。在束缚前用氟噻吨（0.25 mg/kg）阻断多巴胺受体并没有减弱压力诱导的对努力相关选择的影响，但消除了对选择延迟的影响。这些数据表明，急性应激干扰一定程度上选择性地与成本/效益评价有关的努力成本。这些影响似乎并不完全是由增强的糖皮质激素活性介导的，而多巴胺能激活可能有助于增加应激诱导的审议时间。这些发现可能会提供与压力相关的疾病（如抑郁症）相关的决策障碍和运动障碍的见解。Neuropsychopharmacology（2012）37，2194-2209; doi：10.1038/npp.2012.69; 2012年5月9日在线发表
Acute stress can exert beneficial or detrimental effects on different forms of cognition. In the present study, we assessed the effects of acute restraint stress on different forms of cost/benefit decision-making, and some of the hormonal and neurochemical mechanisms that may underlie these effects. Effort-based decision-making was assessed where rats chose between a low effort/reward (1 press = 2 pellets) or high effort/reward option (4 pellets), with the effort requirement increasing over 4 blocks of trials (2, 5, 10, and 20 lever presses). Restraint stress for 1 h decreased preference for the more costly reward and induced longer choice latencies. Control experiments revealed that the effects On decision-making were not mediated by general reductions in motivation or preference for larger rewards. In contrast, acute stress did not affect delay-discounting, when rats chose between a small/immediate vs larger/delayed reward. The effects of stress on decision-making were not mimicked by treatment with physiological doses of corticosterone (1-3 mg/kg). Blockade of dopamine receptors with flupenthixol (0.25 mg/kg) before restraint did not attenuate stress-induced effects on effort-related choice, but abolished effects on choice latencies. These data suggest that acute stress interferes somewhat selectively with cost/benefit evaluations concerning effort costs. These effects do not appear to be mediated solely by enhanced glucocorticoid activity, whereas dopaminergic activation may contribute to increased deliberation times induced by stress. These findings may provide insight into impairments in decision-making and anergia associated with stress-related disorders, such as depression. Neuropsychopharmacology (2012) 37, 2194-2209; doi:10.1038/npp.2012.69; published online 9 May 2012