Primate brain architecture and selection in relation to sex.
Primate brain architecture and selection in relation to sex.
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DOI：
10.1186/1741-7007-5-20
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发表时间：
2007-05-10
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Barton RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lindenfors P;Nunn CL;Barton RA
哺乳动物的性别之间的社会和竞争需求通常有所不同。这些不同的需求应该会导致不同大脑结构的相对大小发生变化。可以预测，男性的性别选择会影响处理感觉运动技能的大脑组件，这对于身体竞争或涉及攻击性的神经通路很重要。相反，由于女性健康与生态因素和社会互动关系更密切，可以更好地获取资源，因此女性的社会选择应该选择对社交网络重要的大脑成分。针对一种性别的性选择和社会选择可能会在大脑结构中产生性别二态性，这将导致相同大脑结构的物种平均值更大。或者，特定性别的选择压力可能会对其他性别产生相关影响，导致一个物种的雄性和雌性都有更大的大脑结构。目前还没有关于类人灵长类动物大脑结构的性别特异性大小的数据，但在任何一种情况下，性选择和社会选择的影响都应该在不同物种的大脑结构的平均大小中留下可检测的信号。男性内性选择的程度与涉及自主神经功能和感觉运动技能以及与攻击性和攻击性控制相关的途径的几种结构呈正相关。男性内性选择的程度与相对新皮质大小不相关，与女性社会群体规模显着正相关，但与男性群体规模负相关。雄性的性选择和雌性的社会选择对灵长类动物的大脑结构产生了不同的影响。具有较高程度的雄性内性选择的物种带有以身体冲突为中心的进化历史的神经特征，但没有增加对社会认知任务的需求的痕迹。相反，女性的社交性被认为推动了社会认知技能的演变。因此，灵长类动物的大脑结构很可能是生态和物种特异性社会因素以及不同性别选择压力的产物。我们的结果还强调了采集和分析哺乳动物性别特异性大脑成分的必要性。
Social and competitive demands often differ between the sexes in mammals. These differing demands should be expected to produce variation in the relative sizes of various brain structures. Sexual selection on males can be predicted to influence brain components handling sensory-motor skills that are important for physical competition or neural pathways involving aggression. Conversely, because female fitness is more closely linked to ecological factors and social interactions that enable better acquisition of resources, social selection on females should select for brain components important for navigating social networks. Sexual and social selection acting on one sex could produce sexual dimorphism in brain structures, which would result in larger species averages for those same brain structures. Alternatively, sex-specific selection pressures could produce correlated effects in the other sex, resulting in larger brain structures for both males and females of a species. Data are presently unavailable for the sex-specific sizes of brain structures for anthropoid primates, but under either scenario, the effects of sexual and social selection should leave a detectable signal in average sizes of brain structures for different species. The degree of male intra-sexual selection was positively correlated with several structures involved in autonomic functions and sensory-motor skills, and in pathways relating to aggression and aggression control. The degree of male intra-sexual selection was not correlated with relative neocortex size, which instead was significantly positively correlated with female social group size, but negatively correlated with male group size. Sexual selection on males and social selection on females have exerted different effects on primate brain architecture. Species with a higher degree of male intra-sexual selection carry a neural signature of an evolutionary history centered on physical conflicts, but no traces of increased demands on sociocognitive tasks. Conversely, female sociality is indicated to have driven the evolution of socio-cognitive skills. Primate brain architecture is therefore likely to be a product of ecological and species-specific social factors as well as different sex-specific selection pressures. Our results also highlight the need for acquisition and analysis of sex-specific brain components in mammals.