Exosomes cloak the virion to transmit Enterovirus 71 non-lytically
Exosomes cloak the virion to transmit Enterovirus 71 non-lytically
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外泌体包裹病毒体以非裂解方式传播肠道病毒 71
DOI：
10.1080/21505594.2019.1705022
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Mao, Lingxiang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gu, Jiaqi;Wu, Jing;Mao, Lingxiang
肠病毒71 （EV71）是一种非包膜病毒，可通过传统的细胞溶解方式从宿主细胞释放。现在，我们发现EV71可以在早期病毒感染期间在细胞间非裂解性传播。为了解释这一现象，我们用等差梯度离心分离了感染EV71的横纹肌肉瘤（RD）细胞培养液。在透射电镜下，两种病毒颗粒在形态上无法区分。细胞外囊泡内包裹有EV71颗粒，经免疫分析和形态学分析证实为外泌体。此外，含有病毒RNA的外泌体在ev71型脑炎患儿血浆中脱落。我们的研究结果表明，“非包膜”EV71病毒粒子可以包裹在外泌体中，在没有细胞裂解的情况下促进它们的传播。简称：EV71：肠病毒71型；挂式:外来体;理查德·道金斯:横纹肌肉瘤;TEM：透射电子显微镜；手足口病：手足口病；艾滋病毒：免疫缺陷病毒；HCV：丙型肝炎病毒；HTLV：人t细胞嗜淋巴病毒；甲型肝炎病毒；MOI:感染多重性;EVs：细胞外囊泡；VP1：病毒衣壳蛋白1；NTA：纳米颗粒跟踪分析；CNS：中枢神经系统
ABSTRACT Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a non-enveloped virus and it can be released from host cells through a traditional cytolytic manner. Now, we showed EV71 could be spread non-lytically between cells during early viral infection. In order to explain this phenomenon, we separated supernatant fluids of rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells cultures infected with EV71 by isopycnic gradient centrifugation. Two populations of virus particles were morphology indistinguishable by transmission electron microscope (TEM). It showed that some EV71 particles were wrapped inside extracellular vesicles which were verified to be exosomes by immunoassay and morphologic analysis. In addition, exosomes containing viral RNA were shed in plasma of EV71-infected encephalitis in children. Our findings indicate that the “non-enveloped” EV71 virions could be wrapped within exosomes which promote their spread in the absence of cell lysis. Abbreviation: EV71: enterovirus 71; EXO: exosome; RD: rhabdomyosarcoma; TEM: transmission electron microscope; HFMD: hand, foot, and mouth disease; HIV: immunodeficiency virus; HCV: hepatitis C virus; HTLV: Human T-cell lymphotropic virus; HAV: hepatitis A virus; MOI: multiplicity of infection; EVs: extracellular vesicles; VP1: viral capsid protein 1; NTA: nanoparticle tracking analysis; CNS: central nervous system