SURFACE OBSERVATION AND GEOLOGIC MAPPING
SURFACE OBSERVATION AND GEOLOGIC MAPPING
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地面观测和地质绘图
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Yu Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Liyan Wang;Hongyue Guo;Xue;Guochuan Jiang;Cheng Li;Xiuyi Li;Yu Li
通过评估造成斜坡移动的原因和因素，对斜坡进行地面观测和地质测绘，为随后的地下调查和工程分析提供了基础。对滑坡表面特征的准确解释可以用来评价滑坡的运动方式，判断滑坡的运动方向和速度，并估计滑动面的几何形状。应在有活动或非活动滑坡的斜坡和没有以往滑坡迹象的斜坡上进行地面观测和地质测绘，以便为评估新的或重新发生的斜坡移动的可能性提供依据。通过地表观测和特定地点的地质测绘获得的信息扩展并利用了第3章中讨论的滑坡类型和过程的知识以及第8章中描述的识别和鉴定程序。地质测绘的结果为本章所述的地下调查计划和第11章所述的仪器定位提供了基础。地质学家应在地下调查期间继续参与项目，以帮助地面和地下数据的相关性。在第17章和第18章讨论的边坡稳定措施设计期间，地质学家应回答有关地质的问题，在施工期间，地质学家应在现场将遇到的条件与预测的条件进行比较。地面观测和地质测绘所需的基本工具和技术包括：获取现有资料、使用地形图和航空照片、使用飞机进行空中侦察、进入实地、使用有限的硬件和简单仪器、以及观察和解释由斜坡不稳定引起的和与之有关的地质特征的能力。本章介绍的一些技术相对较新，尚未得到广泛的宣传。那些众所周知的技术将在本章的上下文中提到，但不会详细讨论。本章还包括对适用于滑坡评价的更复杂的调查技术的审查。
By assessing causes of and factors contributing to slope movement, surface observation and geologic mapping of slopes provide the basis for subsurface investigations and engineering analyses that follow. Accurate interpretation of the surface features of a landslide can be used to evaluate the mode of movement, judge the direction and rate of movement, and estimate the geometry of the slip surface. Surface observation and geologic mapping should be done on slopes with active or inactive landslides and on slopes with no evidence of past landslides to provide a basis for evaluation of the likelihood of new or renewed slope movement. Information obtained through surface observation and geologic mapping of a particular site extends and utilizes knowledge of landslide types and processes discussed in Chapter 3 and the recognition and identification procedures described in Chapter 8. The results of geologic mapping provide the basis for planning the subsurface investigations described in this chapter and for locating the instrumentation discussed in Chapter 11. The geologist should remain involved in the project during the subsurface investigation to aid in the correlation of surface and subsurface data. During the design of slope stabilization measures, discussed in Chapters 17 and 18, the geologist should be available to answer questions about the geology, and during construction the geologist should be on site to compare conditions encountered with those predicted. Basic tools and techniques needed in surface observation and geologic mapping include access to existing information, use of topographic maps and aerial photographs, use of aircraft for aerial reconnaissance, access to the field site, use of limited hardware and simple instruments, and the ability to observe and interpret geologic features caused by and related to slope instability. Some of the techniques that are described in this chapter are relatively new and have not received widespread exposure. Those techniques that are well known will be mentioned in the context of the chapter but not discussed in detail. A review of more sophisticated survey technology applicable to landslide evaluations is also included in this chapter.