Cage-induced stereotypies, perseveration and the effects of environmental enrichment in laboratory mice
Cage-induced stereotypies, perseveration and the effects of environmental enrichment in laboratory mice
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbr.2012.06.007
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Wuerbel, Hanno
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gross, Alexandra N.;Richter, S. Helene;Wuerbel, Hanno
当被关在贫瘠和限制性的笼子里时，动物经常会形成刻板的行为模式，其特点是重复率高，明显的不变性和明显缺乏功能。尽管数百万只动物受到影响，但其根本原因和机制仍不清楚。越来越多的证据表明，笼子引起的刻板印象可能反映了基底神经节回路内的持续行为所表达的病理功能障碍。为了评估是否刻板行为的变化和持续行为的变化可能有一个共同的原因在ICR CD-1小鼠，我们评估了环境富集对这两种现象的影响。我们提出了48个女性1CR CD-1小鼠在标准或丰富的笼子里，从3周到6或11个月的年龄和测量刻板的水平，在家里的笼子里，并在灭绝任务的持续。我们进一步研究了丰富的饲养条件（早期丰富）是否保护小鼠在以后的生活中发展刻板印象，以及在完成灭绝任务后14周，将标准小鼠转移到丰富的笼子中，反之亦然，在贫瘠的笼子中发展的刻板印象是否会在丰富的环境中持续存在（后期丰富）。我们没有发现老鼠的刻板行为和持续行为之间存在因果关系的证据。然而，转移到丰富的笼显着降低刻板印象水平在6个月和11个月大，表明刻板印象尚未建立。最后，我们发现，在两个年龄段去除丰富并没有引起更高的刻板印象水平，从而证实了早期丰富的神经保护作用的早期报告。(C)2012爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
When kept in barren and restrictive cages, animals frequently develop stereotypic behaviour patterns that are characterized by high repetition rates, conspicuous invariance and an apparent lack of function. Although millions of animals are affected, the underlying causes and mechanisms are still unclear. Growing evidence suggests that cage-induced stereotypies may reflect pathological dysfunction within basal ganglia circuitry expressed by perseverative behaviour. In order to assess whether variation in stereotypy performance and variation in perseverative behaviour may have a common cause in ICR CD-1 mice, we assessed the effects of environmental enrichment on both phenomena. We raised 48 female 1CR CD-1 mice in standard or enriched cages from three weeks to either 6 or 11 months of age and measured stereotypy level in the home cage and perseveration on an extinction task. We further examined whether enriched rearing conditions (early enrichment) protect mice from the developing stereotypies later in life and whether stereotypies developed in barren cages would persist in an enriched environment (late enrichment) by transferring standard mice to enriched cages and vice versa for 14 weeks after completion of the extinction task. We found no evidence for a causal relation between stereotypy and perseveration in mice. However, transfer to enriched cages reduced stereotypy levels significantly both at 6 and 11 months of age indicating that stereotypies had not become established yet. Finally, we found that removing enrichments at both ages did not induce higher stereotypy levels, thereby confirming earlier reports of a neuroprotective effect of early enrichment. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.