Sex Differences in Countermovement Jump Phase Characteristics.
Sex Differences in Countermovement Jump Phase Characteristics.
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DOI：
10.3390/sports5010008
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发表时间：
2017-01-19
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Comfort P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
McMahon JJ;Rej SJE;Comfort P
反运动跳跃(CMJ)常被用来探讨神经肌肉功能的性别差异，但以往的研究仅报道了CMJ的总体测量或部分检测了CMJ的时相特征。这项研究的目的是通过比较整个CMJ的力、功率、速度和位移-时间曲线，以及粗略测量，来探索男性和女性运动员CMJ阶段特征的差异。14名男性和14名女性在力平台上进行了三次CMJ，通过前向动力学计算了一系列运动学和运动学变量。男性的跳跃高度、反应强度指数、相对峰值同心功率、偏心和向心位移、速度和相对冲量均大于男性(g=0.58~1.79)。性别间相对力量-时间曲线相似，但相对功率-速度-时间曲线在归一化跳跃时间的90%-95%(峰值功率前后)、47%-54%(偏心相开始)和85%-100%(同心相后半部分)和65%-87%(反运动底部和初始同心相)处男性较大。CMJ对性别进行了区分，男性通过施加更大的同心冲量来表现出更大的JH，因此在包括起跳在内的大部分同心阶段都取得了更大的速度。
The countermovement jump (CMJ) is commonly used to explore sex differences in neuromuscular function, but previous studies have only reported gross CMJ measures or have partly examined CMJ phase characteristics. The purpose of this study was to explore differences in CMJ phase characteristics between male and female athletes by comparing the force-, power-, velocity-, and displacement-time curves throughout the entire CMJ, in addition to gross measures. Fourteen men and fourteen women performed three CMJs on a force platform from which a range of kinetic and kinematic variables were calculated via forward dynamics. Jump height (JH), reactive strength index modified, relative peak concentric power, and eccentric and concentric displacement, velocity, and relative impulse were all greater for men (g = 0.58–1.79). Relative force-time curves were similar between sexes, but relative power-, velocity-, and displacement-time curves were greater for men at 90%–95% (immediately before and after peak power), 47%–54% (start of eccentric phase) and 85%–100% (latter half of concentric phase), and 65%–87% (bottom of countermovement and initial concentric phase) of normalized jump time, respectively. The CMJ distinguished between sexes, with men demonstrating greater JH through applying a larger concentric impulse and, thus, achieving greater velocity throughout most of the concentric phase, including take-off.