The evolutionary fate and consequences of duplicate genes
The evolutionary fate and consequences of duplicate genes
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DOI：
10.1126/science.290.5494.1151
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发表时间：
2000-11-10
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Conery, JS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lynch, M;Conery, JS
基因复制通常被视为进化新颖性起源的必要材料来源，但尚不清楚基因复制出现的频率和它们进化新功能的频率。对几个真核物种基因组数据库的观察表明，重复基因以非常高的速度出现，平均每百万年每个基因产生0.01个基因。大多数复制基因在其历史早期经历了一段短暂的宽松选择时期，其中相当一部分在这一时期以一种有效的中性方式进化。然而，绝大多数基因复制在几百万年内被沉默，少数幸存者随后经历了强烈的净化选择。尽管重复基因可能很少进化出新的功能，但这些基因的随机沉默可能在新物种的被动起源中发挥重要作用。
Gene duplication has generally been viewed as a necessary source of material for the origin of evolutionary novelties, but it is unclear how often gene duplicates arise and how frequently they evolve new functions. Observations from the genomic databases for several eukaryotic species suggest that duplicate genes arise at a very high rate, on average 0.01 per gene per million years. Most duplicated genes experience a brief period of relaxed selection early in their history, with a moderate fraction of them evolving in an effectively neutral manner during this period. However, the vast majority of gene duplicates are silenced within a few million years, with the few survivors subsequently experiencing strong purifying selection. Although duplicate genes may only rarely evolve new functions, the stochastic silencing of such genes may play a significant role in the passive origin of new species.