Temperature sensitivity of the interspecific interaction strength of coastal marine fish communities.
Temperature sensitivity of the interspecific interaction strength of coastal marine fish communities.
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作者：
Ushio M;Sado T;Fukuchi T;Sasano S;Masuda R;Osada Y;Miya M
温度对相互作用强度的影响对于理解和预测全球气候变化如何影响海洋生态系统非常重要;然而，跟踪和量化海洋鱼类物种的相互作用实际上很困难，特别是在野外条件下，因此，温度如何影响它们在野外条件下的相互作用强度仍然知之甚少。本文对日本房总半岛11个沿海采样点每月采集两次、历时2年的550个海水样品进行了定量鱼类环境DNA（eDNA）元条码编码，并使用非线性时间序列分析工具对eDNA监测数据进行了分析。我们检测到鱼与鱼之间的相互作用，作为eDNA时间序列之间的信息流，为前50个经常检测到的物种重建相互作用网络，并量化成对的，波动的相互作用强度。虽然有一个很大的变化，水温影响鱼鱼相互作用的强度。水温对种间相互作用强度的影响因鱼种而异，表明鱼类的物种特性影响温度对相互作用的影响。例如，细棘海猪和细条纹微眦鱼的相互作用强度随水温的升高而增强，而鳀和斑点银鲫的相互作用强度则随水温的升高而减弱。全球气候变化引起的水温升高可能以复杂的方式改变鱼类的相互作用，从而影响海洋群落的动态和稳定性。我们的研究展示了一个实用的研究框架，研究环境变量对自然界中海洋群落相互作用强度的影响，这将有助于理解和预测自然海洋生态系统动态。世界海洋是成千上万种鱼类的家园，其中许多生活在营养丰富的沿海沃茨。生活在特定环境中的不同物种以多种方式相互作用。例如，掠食性鱼类可能会捕食某些种类的小鱼，但会避免捕食其他帮助它从皮肤上去除寄生虫的鱼类。全球气候变化导致的海洋温度上升可能会影响不同鱼类物种之间的相互作用，从而影响它们的群落。了解鱼类在自然界中如何相互作用的第一步通常需要研究人员计算存在的不同物种的数量并观察它们的行为，这是耗时且劳动密集型的。另一种方法是使用一种新兴的技术，研究人员从水、土壤或空气中提取DNA--称为环境DNA --并对其进行分析，以识别存在的物种并估计它们的数量。Ushio等人分析了两年多来从日本房总半岛收集的数百份海水样本。统计方法被用来量化鱼类之间相互作用的强度，并确定水温是否会影响不同鱼类之间的相互作用。研究结果表明，水温对鱼类物种之间的相互作用有着显著但复杂的影响，根据条件的不同，既有积极的影响，也有消极的影响。水温对相互作用强度的影响因物种而异，例如，日本鱼和大鳞黑鱼在温暖的水中与其他鱼类的相互作用较弱，而条纹鱼和一种濑鱼与其他鱼类的相互作用较强。这些发现为水温如何影响沿海地区鱼类群落提供了新的见解。除了补充该领域的现有知识外，完善这项工作中使用的研究框架将使渔业科学工作者受益，为自然和商业上重要的鱼类物种如何应对气候变化提供有价值的见解。
The effects of temperature on interaction strengths are important for understanding and forecasting how global climate change impacts marine ecosystems; however, tracking and quantifying interactions of marine fish species are practically difficult especially under field conditions, and thus, how temperature influences their interaction strengths under field conditions remains poorly understood. We herein performed quantitative fish environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding on 550 seawater samples that were collected twice a month from 11 coastal sites for 2 years in the Boso Peninsula, Japan, and analyzed eDNA monitoring data using nonlinear time series analytical tools. We detected fish–fish interactions as information flow between eDNA time series, reconstructed interaction networks for the top 50 frequently detected species, and quantified pairwise, fluctuating interaction strengths. Although there was a large variation, water temperature influenced fish–fish interaction strengths. The impact of water temperature on interspecific interaction strengths varied among fish species, suggesting that fish species identity influences the temperature effects on interactions. For example, interaction strengths that Halichoeres tenuispinis and Microcanthus strigatus received strongly increased with water temperature, while those of Engraulis japonicus and Girella punctata decreased with water temperature. An increase in water temperature induced by global climate change may change fish interactions in a complex way, which consequently influences marine community dynamics and stability. Our research demonstrates a practical research framework to study the effects of environmental variables on interaction strengths of marine communities in nature, which would contribute to understanding and predicting natural marine ecosystem dynamics. The world’s oceans are home to tens of thousands of fish species, many of which live in nutrient-rich coastal waters. Different species living in a particular environment interact with each other in many ways. For example, a predatory fish may prey on some species of small fish but avoid feeding on others that help it by removing parasites from its skin. Rising ocean temperatures caused by global climate change could affect how different fish species interact with one another and, as a result, impact their communities. One of the first steps to understanding how fish interact with each other in nature typically requires researchers to count the number of different species present and observe how they behave, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. An alternative is to use an emerging technique in which researchers extract DNA from water, soil or air – known as environmental DNA – and analyze it to identify the species present and estimate their numbers. Ushio et al. analyzed hundreds of samples of seawater that had been collected over a two-year period from the Boso Peninsula in Japan. Statistical methods were used to quantify how strongly fish species interact with each other and determine whether the temperature of the water influenced how different species of fish interacted over time. The findings showed that water temperature had a significant but complex effect on how strongly pairs of fish species interacted, with both positive and negative effects depending on the conditions. The impact of water temperature on the strength of the interactions varied between species, for example, Japanese anchovy and largescale blackfish interacted less strongly with other fish species in warmer water, whereas the Stripey and a species of wrasse interacted with other fish species more strongly. The findings provide new insights into how water temperature affects the communities of fish living in coastal areas. Alongside complementing existing knowledge in the field, refining the research framework used in this work will benefit those working in fishery science by providing valuable insights into how natural and commercially important fish species respond to climate change.