Food sharing in vampire bats: reciprocal help predicts donations more than relatedness or harassment
Food sharing in vampire bats: reciprocal help predicts donations more than relatedness or harassment
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2012.2573
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发表时间：
2013-02-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Wilkinson, Gerald S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Carter, Gerald G.;Wilkinson, Gerald S.
普通的吸血蝙蝠经常把食物给没有进食的栖息伙伴。对这种代价高昂的帮助行为的最初解释，既有直接的好处，也有间接的好处。此后，一些作者认为，食物共享仅仅是由间接的健康维持的，因为非亲属食物共享可能是由于亲属识别错误、群体内不分青红皂白的利他主义或骚扰造成的。为了测试这些替代方案，我们研究了在混合相关性和相同熟悉度的受控条件下食物共享决策的预测因素。在2年的时间里，我们单独禁食20吸血蝙蝠（Desmodus rotundus），并诱导48天的食物共享。令人惊讶的是，捐助者比受援者更经常地发起食物分享，这与骚扰不一致。食物是最好的预测因子，比亲缘关系重要8.5倍。64%的夫妻是没有血缘关系的，如果没有裙带关系，这一比例接近预期的67%。与社会联系一致，食物共享网络是一致的，并与相互alloreoming相关。与过去的工作一起，这些发现支持了这样一个假设，即吸血蝙蝠的食物共享提供了相互直接的健康益处，而不仅仅是由亲属选择或骚扰来解释的。
Common vampire bats often regurgitate food to roost-mates that fail to feed. The original explanation for this costly helping behaviour invoked both direct and indirect fitness benefits. Several authors have since suggested that food sharing is maintained solely by indirect fitness because non-kin food sharing could have resulted from kin recognition errors, indiscriminate altruism within groups, or harassment. To test these alternatives, we examined predictors of food-sharing decisions under controlled conditions of mixed relatedness and equal familiarity. Over a 2 year period, we individually fasted 20 vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) and induced food sharing on 48 days. Surprisingly, donors initiated food sharing more often than recipients, which is inconsistent with harassment. Food received was the best predictor of food given across dyads, and 8.5 times more important than relatedness. Sixty-four per cent of sharing dyads were unrelated, approaching the 67 per cent expected if nepotism was absent. Consistent with social bonding, the food-sharing network was consistent and correlated with mutual allogrooming. Together with past work, these findings support the hypothesis that food sharing in vampire bats provides mutual direct fitness benefits, and is not explained solely by kin selection or harassment.