Diet and gallstones in Italy: The cross-sectional MICOL results
Diet and gallstones in Italy: The cross-sectional MICOL results
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DOI：
10.1002/hep.510270605
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发表时间：
1998-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
13.5
通讯作者：
Festi, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Attili, AF;Scafato, E;Festi, D
1984年12月至1987年4月期间，共有一万五千九百一十名男性和13674名女性（年龄30-69岁）参加了一项普通人群的流行病学调查。每位参与者都接受了胆囊超声检查（US），并完成了一份食物频率调查问卷，涵盖了38种食物。研究人员确定了一种常见的食物分量，并询问受试者每一种食物的食用频率。营养摄入量的计算方法是将每一种食物的摄入频率和每份食物的营养含量相乘，然后将所有食物的乘积相加。每种营养素的摄入量都根据能量摄入量进行调整。酒精摄入量是通过将葡萄酒、啤酒和烈性酒的消费量相加来计算的。排除已知有胆结石（GS）或曾做过胆囊切除术的受试者（为避免术前偏倚），有GS的男性787名，女性1014名，没有GS的男性14272名，女性10836名，用于分析，GS的相对风险（RR）按营养摄入的五分位数计算。夜间禁食时间计算为规定的晚餐时间与下一餐（早餐或午餐）时间的差值。男性GS的RR与总能量摄入呈显著负相关(chi(2)，趋势值为8.37；P = 0.004)，女性纤维摄入量(chi(2) = 5.45；P =.02)，男性每日饮酒量(chi(2) = 10.86；P = .001)。GS的RR与碳水化合物呈正相关(chi(2) = 5.95；男性P = 0.01；Chi (2) = 9.39；女性P = 0.002)和男性蛋白质摄入量(chi(2) = 10.92；P = 0.01)。夜间禁食时间超过12小时的受试者的GS患病率高于夜间禁食时间少于12小时的受试者。（RR: 1.35；男性95% CI: 1.01-1.80; RR: 1.28；女性95% CI: 1.03-1.60）。这些数据并不能证实高能量摄入与GS风险增加有关。预防GS的因素包括：低碳水化合物（男性和女性）和低蛋白质（男性）摄入，高纤维（女性）和适度酒精摄入（男性），以及男女夜间禁食时间较短。
Fifteen thousand nine hundred ten men and 13,674 women (age, 30-69 years) were enrolled in an epidemiological survey of the general population, between December 1984 and April 1987. Each participant was submitted to ultrasonography (US) of the gallbladder and completed a food-frequency questionnaire, covering 38 food items. A common portion size was identified and subjects were asked how often each item was consumed. Nutrient intake was computed by multiplying the intake frequency and nutrient content per portion for each item, and then by summing the product over all foods. Each nutrient intake was adjusted for energy intake. Alcohol intake was calculated by summing the consumption of wine, beer, and liquor. Having excluded subjects aware of having gallstones (GS) or previously submitted to cholecystectomy (to avoid prothopatic bias), 787 males and 1,014 females with GS and 14,272 males and 10,836 females without GS were available for analysis, Relative risks (RR) of GS were computed by quintiles of nutrient intake. The overnight fasting period was calculated as the difference between the specified time of dinner and the time of the next meal (breakfast or lunch). A significant negative association was found between RR of GS and total energy intake for males (chi(2) for trend = 8.37; P =.004), fiber intake for females (chi(2) = 5.45; P =.02), and daily alcohol consumption for males (chi(2) = 10.86; P = .001). A positive association was observed between RR of GS and carbohydrate (chi(2) = 5.95; P =.01 for males; chi(2) = 9.39; P =.002 for females) and protein intake only for males (chi(2) = 10.92; P = .01). Prevalence of GS was higher among subjects who had an overnight fasting period of over 12 hours than subjects with that of less than 12 hours. (RR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.01-1.80 for males; RR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.03-1.60 for females). These data do not confirm that high energy intake is associated with an increased risk of GS, Factors protecting against GS comprise: low carbohydrate (males and females) and protein (males) intakes, high fiber (females) and moderate alcohol intake (males) consumption, and a shorter overnight fasting period for both sexes.