Unobtrusive measures in behavioral assessment.
Unobtrusive measures in behavioral assessment.
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行为评估中的不引人注目的措施。
DOI：
10.1901/jaba.1979.12-713
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发表时间：
1979
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
A. Kazdin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Kazdin
行为评估的一个主要特点是对外显行为的直接评估。直接评估的假设是提供一个行为样本，反映客户在评估行为的情况下的表现，即使评估程序没有实施。然而，在大多数调查中，行为评估程序是引人注目的，即受试者意识到他们的行为正在被评估。强迫性评估的潜在问题是它可能是被动的，即影响受试者的表现。最近的研究表明，引人注目的观察通常是被动的，在引人注目和不引人注目的条件下评估的行为与此几乎没有关系。从方法论和应用的角度来看，需要更多地注意行为改变的不引人注目的措施。本文件说明了行为矫正中的不显眼的措施，包括直接观察、档案记录和行为的物理痕迹。此外，还讨论了验证和评估问题、措施的显着性问题以及道德问题。
A major distinguishing characteristic of behavioral assessment is the direct assessment of overt behavior. Direct assessment is assumed to provide a sample of behavior that reflects client performance in the situation in which behavior is assessed, even if the assessment procedures were not implemented. Yet, in the majority of investigations, behavioral assessment procedures are obtrusive, i.e., subjects are aware that their behavior is being assessed. The potential problem with obtrusive assessment is that it may be reactive, i.e., affect how subjects perform. Recent research has demonstrated that obtrusive observations often are reactive and that behaviors assessed under obtrusive and unobtrusive conditions bear little relation. From methodological and applied perspectives, additional attention needs to be given to unobtrusive measures of behavior change. The present paper illustrates unobtrusive measures in behavior modification including direct observations, archival records, and physical traces of performance. In addition, validation and assessment problems, questions about the obtrusiveness of the measures, and ethical issues are discussed.