Endemics and endangered species in the biodiversity hotspot of the Shada Mountains, Saudi Arabia
Endemics and endangered species in the biodiversity hotspot of the Shada Mountains, Saudi Arabia
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沙特阿拉伯沙达山脉生物多样性热点地区的特有种和濒危物种
DOI：
10.1007/s40333-016-0025-8
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
A. A. Alatar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jacob Thomas;M. El;A. A. Alatar
沙特阿拉伯的沙达山脉，被Maleel Wadi分成两座山脉（即，Shada Alalah和Shada Asfal），拥有丰富的生物多样性。本文根据500 ~ 2215 m海拔范围内8个海拔带38个林分的调查资料，对该地区特有种和濒危种的多样性进行了调查。结果表明，沙达山共有植物76科314属495种，其中特有种19种，濒危种43种，占沙达山植物群的22%。典型相关分析表明，地文特征，特别是海拔高度的物种的频率和丰富度起着重要的作用。沙打山区地方病分布不均匀，主要集中在海拔1000-1500 m或>1500 m的地带。当海拔达到2000米时，由于温度极低，地方病大幅度减少。濒危物种存在3种不同的分布格局：（1）海拔1000-1800 m的物种分布最多; (ii)海拔1000-1300 m的地区为濒危乔木、藤本和灌木;海拔1500-2100 m的濒危亚灌木和草本植物。结果表明，沙达山地区濒危物种多样性较高，未受外来入侵物种干扰，小尺度热点区应采取人为干扰保护措施。
Shada Mountains in Saudi Arabia, separated by Maleel Wadi into twin mountains (i.e., Shada Alalah and Shada Asfal), are rich in biodiversity. We investigated the diversity of endemics and endangered species of the mountains based on the data collected from 38 stands falling in 8 elevational zones ranging from 500 to 2215 m a.s.l. Results indicated that 495 plant species falling in 314 genera and 76 families occurred in the Shada Mountains, including 19 endemic species and 43 endangered species, and accounting for 22% of the total flora in Saudi Arabia. Canonical correlation analysis indicated that physiographic features, particularly altitude play an important role in the frequency and abundance of species. Endemics were not evenly distributed in the Shada Mountains and mostly restricted in the elevation zone of 1000–1500 or >1500 m a.s.l. When the altitude reached up to 2000 m a.s.l., the endemics decreased substantially due to the significantly low temperature. The endangered species existed three different distribution patterns: (i) most endangered species distributed in the altitudes of 1000–1800 m a.s.l.; (ii) endangered trees, lianas, and shrubs occupied the altitudes 1000–1300 m a.s.l.; and (iii) endangered subshrubs and herbs inhabited the altitudes 1500–2100 m a.s.l. The results demonstrated that the biodiversity of endangered species in the Shada Mountains is high and undisturbed by invasive species, and protective measures should be taken against human disturbances to the small-scale hotspot.