State-led ecotourism development and nature conservation: a case study of the Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve, China.
State-led ecotourism development and nature conservation: a case study of the Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve, China.
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DOI：
10.5751/es-02645-130255
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发表时间：
2008-12
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Jianqiong Yuan;L. Dai;Qing-li Wang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jianqiong Yuan;L. Dai;Qing-li Wang
面对财政紧张和巨大的人口压力，中国80%的自然保护区将生态旅游作为一种支持和发展战略。在一个具有较长生态旅游开发经验的自然保护区评估生态旅游的实际效果，可能对其他保护区具有指导意义。因此，我们以中国东北部的长白山生物圈保护区为例进行研究，因为它是中国拥抱生态旅游的先行者之一。采用个人访谈和非正式小组讨论的方式，了解当地居民对保护的态度。对影响态度的因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果表明，大多数农民的态度都不赞成保护黄棕榈林。真正影响他们态度的不是生态旅游，而是收集林产品、家庭耕地和外来务工人员的收入。我们发现，1天的观光旅游方式、有限的旅游期限、当地居民的低文化水平和极端贫困，加上现有的机构和滞后的法规，使得生态旅游很难产生当地居民的支持。我们的结论是，保证当地人民分享保护区产生的收入的制度措施，以及确保当地社区参与决策过程的法规，是中国生态旅游产生当地支持的前提条件。为儿童提供教育机会和为当地年轻居民提供职业培训也可以间接促进保护工作。
Faced with fiscal constraints and enormous population pressures, 80% of Chinese nature reserves have employed ecotourism as a support and development strategy. Assessing the actual effects of ecotourism at a nature reserve that has a relatively long history of ecotourism development experience may be instructive for other reserves. Therefore, we take Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve (CMBR) in northeastern China as a case study, for it is one of the pioneers in embracing ecotourism in China. Personal interviews and informal group discussions were employed to understand local residents' attitudes toward conservation. Factors affecting their attitudes were then analyzed using logistic regression. Results indicate that attitudes held by most farmers are not favorable toward the conservation of the CMBR. It is not ecotourism but rather income from collection of forest products, household crop lands, and migrant labor that actually influences their attitudes. We found that the 1-day-sightseeing tour style, the limited tourism period, and the low level of education and extreme poverty of the local residents, together with existing institutions and lagging regulations make it very difficult for ecotourism to engender local residents' support. We concluded that institutional measures to guarantee local people's sharing in the revenue generated by the reserve, as well as regulations to ensure involvement of the local community in the decision-making process are preconditions for ecotourism to engender local support in China. Providing educational opportunities for children and vocational training for young local residents can also contribute indirectly to enhanced conservation.