Much Ado About Aha!: Insight Problem Solving Is Strongly Related to Working Memory Capacity and Reasoning Ability
Much Ado About Aha!: Insight Problem Solving Is Strongly Related to Working Memory Capacity and Reasoning Ability
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/xge0000378
复制
发表时间：
2018-02-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Jastrzebski, Jan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chuderski, Adam;Jastrzebski, Jan
为了评估推理能力和工作记忆能力（WMC）与洞察力问题解决之间的真实关系，研究人员对318名成年人进行了包括4项流动推理测试和13项工作记忆（WM）任务，这些任务涉及存储、回忆、更新、绑定和执行控制，使用40个语言、空间、数学、火柴棍和远程联想问题（洞察力问题）进行了测量。WMC预测了洞察力问题解决中51.8%的方差，并几乎解释了其与推理能力的同构关系（共享方差的84.6%）。WMC和洞察力之间的紧密联系通常适用于大多数WM任务和洞察力问题，对于有或没有报告洞察力的问题解决是相同的，在整个能力水平上是线性的，并且不受年龄，动机，焦虑，精神病和经验开放性的调节。与关于洞察力的突发性和全能性的流行观点相反，洞察力问题的解决主要源于基本WM机制执行的典型操作，这些机制负责维护、检索、转换和控制广泛的智力任务（包括流体推理）中的信息。除了WM之外，很少有洞察力是独一无二的。
A battery comprising 4 fluid reasoning tests as well as 13 working memory (WM) tasks that involved storage, recall, updating, binding, and executive control, was applied to 318 adults in order to evaluate the true relationship of reasoning ability and WM capacity (WMC) to insight problem solving, measured using 40 verbal, spatial, math, matchstick, and remote associates problems (insight problems). WMC predicted 51.8% of variance in insight problem solving and virtually explained its almost isomorphic link to reasoning ability (84.6% of shared variance). The strong link between WMC and insight pertained generally to most WM tasks and insight problems, was identical for problems solved with and without reported insight, was linear throughout the ability levels, and was not mediated by age, motivation, anxiety, psychoticism, and openness to experience. In contrast to popular views on the sudden and holistic nature of insight, the solving of insight problems results primarily from typical operations carried out by the basic WM mechanisms that are responsible for the maintenance, retrieval, transformation, and control of information in the broad range of intellectual tasks (including fluid reasoning). Little above and beyond WM is unique about insight.