Tracing the thread of plastid diversity through the tapestry of life
Tracing the thread of plastid diversity through the tapestry of life
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DOI：
10.1086/303291
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发表时间：
1999-10-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Delwiche, CF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Delwiche, CF
质体（叶绿体）是来自先前自由生活的蓝藻的内共生细胞器。它们依赖于它们的宿主细胞，以致于在质体中表达的大多数蛋白质在宿主细胞的核基因组中编码，并且正是这种遗传依赖性将细胞器与专性内共生体区分开来。质体基因组大小的减少通过基因丢失、核基因替换和基因转移而发生。绿藻门和植物、红藻门和蓝球藻门的质体是初级质体（即，直接来源于蓝细菌）。这三个谱系可能是也可能不是从一个单一的内共生事件。Au其他的质体谱系通过第二次（或第三次）内共生获得它们的质体，其中已经装备有质体的真核生物被第二个真核生物捕食。相当多的基因转移发生在基因组之间，有时也发生在生物体之间。真核生物冠群Alveolata有一个特别复杂的质体获得历史。
Plastids (chloroplasts) are endosymbiotic organelles derived from previously free-living cyanobacteria. They are dependent on their host cell to the degree that the majority of the proteins expressed in the plastid are encoded in the nuclear genome of the host cell, and it is this genetic dependency that distinguishes organelles from obligate endosymbionts. Reduction in the size of the plastid genome has occurred via gene loss, substitution of nuclear genes, and gene transfer. The plastids of Chlorophyta and plants, Rhodophyta, and Glaucocpstophyta are primary plastids (i.e., derived directly from a cyanobacterium). These three lineages may or may not be descended from a single endosymbiotic event. AU other lineages of plastids have acquired their plastids by secondary (or tertiary) endosymbiosis, in which a eukaryote already equipped with plastids is preyed upon by a second eukaryote. Considerable gene transfer has occurred among genomes and, at times, between organisms. The eukaryotic crown group Alveolata has a particularly complex history of plastid acquisition.