Evaluating the Sensitivity of PM2.5-Mortality Associations to the Spatial and Temporal Scale of Exposure Assessment
Evaluating the Sensitivity of PM2.5-Mortality Associations to the Spatial and Temporal Scale of Exposure Assessment
复制标题
DOI：
10.1097/ede.0000000000001136
复制
发表时间：
2020-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Weichenthal, Scott
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crouse, Dan L.;Erickson, Anders C.;Weichenthal, Scott
背景：暴露评估的时间和空间尺度可能会影响观察到的细颗粒物空气污染（PM2.5）和死亡率之间的关联，但很少有研究系统地探讨了这个问题。方法：我们在2001年加拿大人口普查健康与环境队列240万成年人的非意外和原因特异性死亡率在2001年和2011年之间。我们使用基于卫星的估计将PM2.5暴露分配给住宅区，并比较了三种不同的时间移动平均值（1，3和8年）和三种空间尺度（1，5和10公里）的暴露分配。此外，我们研究了不同的空间尺度的基础上的年龄，就业状况，和城市/农村的位置，并调整为O-3，NO2，或其组合的氧化能力（O-x）。结果：在一般情况下，较长的移动平均值导致更强的关联PM2.5和死亡率之间。对于非意外死亡率，我们观察到1年移动平均值的风险比为1.11（95%CI = 1.08，1.13），而8年移动平均值的风险比为1.23（95%CI = 1.20，1.27）。呼吸道和肺癌死亡率对暴露评估的空间尺度最为敏感，在较小的空间尺度上观察到更强的相关性。氧化剂气体的调整减弱了PM2.5与心血管死亡率之间的关联，并加强了与肺癌的关联。尽管有这些变化，PM2.5与死亡率增加几乎所有的模型examined.Conclusions：这些研究结果支持室外PM2.5和死亡率之间的关系，在低浓度和突出的重要性，较长的曝光窗口，更多的空间分辨曝光指标，并调整氧化剂气体在表征这种关系。
Background:The temporal and spatial scales of exposure assessment may influence observed associations between fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) and mortality, but few studies have systematically examined this question.Methods:We followed 2.4 million adults in the 2001 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort for nonaccidental and cause-specific mortality between 2001 and 2011. We assigned PM2.5 exposures to residential locations using satellite-based estimates and compared three different temporal moving averages (1, 3, and 8 years) and three spatial scales (1, 5, and 10 km) of exposure assignment. In addition, we examined different spatial scales based on age, employment status, and urban/rural location, and adjustment for O-3, NO2, or their combined oxidant capacity (O-x).Results:In general, longer moving averages resulted in stronger associations between PM2.5 and mortality. For nonaccidental mortality, we observed a hazard ratio of 1.11 (95% CI = 1.08, 1.13) for the 1-year moving average compared with 1.23 (95% CI = 1.20, 1.27) for the 8-year moving average. Respiratory and lung cancer mortality were most sensitive to the spatial scale of exposure assessment with stronger associations observed at smaller spatial scales. Adjustment for oxidant gases attenuated associations between PM2.5 and cardiovascular mortality and strengthened associations with lung cancer. Despite these variations, PM2.5 was associated with increased mortality in nearly all of the models examined.Conclusions:These findings support a relationship between outdoor PM2.5 and mortality at low concentrations and highlight the importance of longer-exposure windows, more spatially resolved exposure metrics, and adjustment for oxidant gases in characterizing this relationship.