Specificity of acquired aversions to taste qualities in hamsters and rats.
Specificity of acquired aversions to taste qualities in hamsters and rats.
复制标题
仓鼠和大鼠对味觉品质的后天厌恶的特异性。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1980
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Pfaffmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. H. Nowlis;M. Frank;C. Pfaffmann
9组大鼠和27组仓鼠(n=12只/组)在接受阿朴吗啡注射前，从27种不同的溶液中每组品尝1种，然后测试对4种人类四味特性(S，蔗糖；N，氯化钠；H，盐酸；Q，盐酸奎宁)的厌恶程度。由于大多数被人类描述为甜味的溶液被用作条件刺激(CS)，啮齿动物对S产生了厌恶(一些人工甜味剂除外)。在人类将CS描述为主要是咸的或酸的情况下，啮齿类动物在前一种情况下获得了N厌恶，在后一种情况下获得了H厌恶；也获得了Q厌恶，三种CS中的两种(包括H)被描述为酸的。由于大多数CS被描述为主要是苦味的，或者被人类描述为具有相当大的苦味成分，啮齿动物获得了Q厌恶(以及较弱的H厌恶)。人类、大鼠和仓鼠的味觉有相当大的相似之处。在啮齿类动物的四类外周味觉神经元(对S、N、H或Q的语言刺激反应最好的神经元)上，当将条件反射应用于舌头时，其诱发的活动模式与针对条件反射的四种测试刺激的厌恶模式相似。这表明，这四个神经通道介导了S、N、H和Q在大鼠和仓鼠，甚至可能在人类中所引起的感觉。
Nine groups of rats and 27 groups of hamsters (n = 12/group) each tasted 1 from among 27 different solutions before receiving an ip injection of apomorphine, then were tested for aversions to 4 solutions prototypic of human beings' four taste qualities (S, sucrose; N, NaCl; H, Hcl; Q, quinine hydrochloride). With most of the solutions that are described as sweet by humans employed as a conditional stimulus (CS), the rodents acquired an S aversion (exceptions occurring for some artificial sweeteners). With CSs described as either predominantly salty or sour by humans, the rodents acquired an N aversion in the former case or an H aversion in the latter case; a Q aversion was also acquired with two (including H) of the three CSs described as sour. With most of the CSs described as predominantly bitter or as having a considerable bitter component by humans, the rodents acquired a Q aversion (as well as a weaker H aversion). Considerable parallels among the taste sensations of humans, rats, and hamsters are indicated. Patterns of activity evoked across four classes of peripheral gustatory neurons (those responding best to lingual stimulation with S, N, H, or Q) in rodents when the CSs were applied to the tongue were similar to the patterns of aversions across the four test stimuli for the CSs. This suggests that these four neural channels mediate the sensations evoked by S, N, H, and Q in rats and hamsters, perhaps even in human beings.