Control of the microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae in honey bees (Apis mellifera) using nutraceutical and immuno-stimulatory compounds
Control of the microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae in honey bees (Apis mellifera) using nutraceutical and immuno-stimulatory compounds
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0227484
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发表时间：
2020-01-10
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Goodwin, Paul H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borges, Daniel;Guzman-Novoa, Ernesto;Goodwin, Paul H.
蜜蜂微孢子虫（Nosema cerebral）是一种微孢子虫寄生虫，可引起蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）的微孢子虫病。作为抗生素烟曲霉素的替代品，检测了10种营养品（牛至油、百里酚、香芹酚、反式肉桂醛、四氢姜黄素、萝卜硫素、柚皮素、恩别林、烯丙基硫醚、羟基酪醇）和两种免疫刺激化合物（壳聚糖、聚I：C）控制N.宫颈感染用N.在糖浆中施用蜡蚧孢子和处理。只有两个化合物没有显着降低N。与感染的阳性对照相比，Cervicum孢子计数增加，但最有效的是来自十字花科蔬菜的萝卜硫素、来自牛至油的香芹酚和来自柑橘类水果的柚皮素。当在几个浓度下进行测试时，最高萝卜硫素浓度使孢子计数减少100%，但也导致100%的蜜蜂死亡率。对于香芹酚，在中等浓度下孢子计数的最大减少为57%，在最高浓度下蜜蜂的最大死亡率为23%。对于柚皮素，孢子计数的最大减少为64%，具有最高浓度，并且最大蜜蜂死亡率仅为15%，具有中间浓度。在寿命实验中，喂食柚皮素的蜜蜂与不含微粒子的对照蜜蜂寿命一样长，两者都比感染的阳性对照蜜蜂寿命长得多。虽然萝卜硫素的抗微生物特性可能是有希望的，但在它被认为是控制N.当然。尽管需要进一步研究柚皮素的配方，但其延长受感染蜜蜂寿命的作用可能使其作为蜜蜂饲料的潜在添加剂具有额外的价值。
Nosema ceranae is a microsporidian parasite that causes nosemosis in the honey bee (Apis mellifera). As alternatives to the antibiotic fumagillin, ten nutraceuticals (oregano oil, thymol, carvacrol, trans-cinnmaldehyde, tetrahydrocurcumin, sulforaphane, naringenin, embelin, allyl sulfide, hydroxytyrosol) and two immuno-stimulatory compounds (chitosan, poly I:C) were examined for controlling N. ceranae infections. Caged bees were inoculated with N. ceranae spores, and treatments were administered in sugar syrup. Only two compounds did not significantly reduce N. ceranae spore counts compared to the infected positive control, but the most effective were sulforaphane from cruciferous vegetables, carvacrol from oregano oil, and naringenin from citrus fruit. When tested at several concentrations, the highest sulforaphane concentration reduced spore counts by 100%, but also caused 100% bee mortality. For carvacrol, the maximum reduction in spore counts was 57% with an intermediate concentration and the maximum bee mortality was 23% with the highest concentration. For naringenin, the maximum reduction in spore counts was 64% with the highest concentration, and the maximum bee mortality was only 15% with an intermediate concentration. In the longevity experiment, naringenin-fed bees lived as long as Nosema-free control bees, both of which lived significantly longer than infected positive control bees. While its antimicrobial properties may be promising, reducing sulforaphane toxicity to bees is necessary before it can be considered as a candidate for controlling N. ceranae. Although further work on formulation is needed with naringenin, its effect on extending longevity in infected bees may give it an additional value as a potential additive for bee feed in honey bee colonies.