Life cycle assessment of recycling options for automotive Li-ion battery packs
Life cycle assessment of recycling options for automotive Li-ion battery packs
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133636
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发表时间：
2022-08
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
E. Kallitsis;A. Korre;G. Kelsall
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Kallitsis;A. Korre;G. Kelsall
随着汽车锂离子电池（LIB）产量的增加，迫切需要为废旧汽车牵引电池组建立寿命终止处理链。生命周期评估是评估这些供应链和备选方案的环境绩效的一个重要工具。这项工作综合了公开可用的数据，以扩展先前报道的LIB回收的LCA研究，并对使用锂镍钴锰氧化物正极的废旧汽车牵引电池组的寿命终止处理链进行整体建模。该研究深入分析了单元工艺对电池回收方案的环境效益和负担的贡献，并将其与电池生产的影响相结合，以估计在价值链中引入回收所实现的净环境效益。归因LCA模型考虑了整个回收链，从报废锂离子电池收集到电池制造的二次材料供应。废汽车牵引电池的火法冶金处理由于其较高的能量强度，预计具有更大的全球变暖潜能值（GWP），而湿法冶金处理由于锂作为氢氧化物的额外回收，被证明对环境更有利。大部分环境效益来自电池组中铝和铜部分的回收，从电池中回收镍和钴也有重要贡献。总体而言，与不回收的电池生产相比，基于ReCiPe表征方法，LCA模型估计了13种环境影响类别中的11种的净效益。一项关于地理特殊性对综合生产和回收的影响的调查表明，这是全球升温潜能值影响变异性的一个关键来源，气候负担链越多，通过电池回收降低全球升温潜能值的潜力就越大。进行的敏感性分析表明，当回收低等级材料时，与空气质量有关的影响更大。该研究提供了一个定量和可复制的库存模型，突出了通过建立循环汽车电池价值链所实现的环境效益的重要性。
Ramping up automotive lithium-ion battery (LIB) production volumes creates an imperative need for the establishment of end-of-life treatment chains for spent automotive traction battery packs. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an essential tool in evaluating the environmental performance of such chains and options. This work synthesises publicly-available data to expand upon previously reported LCA studies for LIB recycling and holistically model end-of-life treatment chains for spent automotive traction battery packs with lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide positive electrodes. The study provides an in-depth analysis of unit process contributions to the environmental benefits and burdens of battery recycling options and integrates these with the battery production impacts to estimate the net environmental benefit achieved by the introduction of recycling in the value chain. The attributional LCA model accounts for the whole recycling chain, from the point of end-of-life LIB collection to the provision of secondary materials for battery manufacturing. Pyrometallurgical processing of spent automotive traction battery cells is predicted to have a larger Global Warming Potential (GWP), due to its higher energy intensity, while hydrometallurgical processing is shown to be more environmentally beneficial, due to the additional recovery of lithium as hydroxide. The majority of the environmental benefits arise from the recovery of aluminium and copper fractions of battery packs, with important contributions also arising from the recovery of nickel and cobalt from the battery cells. Overall, the LCA model presented estimates a net benefit in 11 out of 13 environmental impact categories based on the ReCiPe characterisation method, as compared to battery production without recycling. An investigation of the effect of geographic specificity on the combined production and recycling indicates that it is as a key source of GWP impact variability and that the more climate burdening chains offer a significantly higher potential for GWP reductions through battery recycling. The sensitivity analysis carried out shows that impacts related to air quality are higher when recovering lower grade materials. This study provides a quantitative and replicable inventory model which highlights the significance of the environmental benefits achieved through the establishment of circular automotive battery value chains.