Dachas on permafrost: the creation of nature among Arctic Russian city-dwellers
Dachas on permafrost: the creation of nature among Arctic Russian city-dwellers
复制标题
永久冻土上的别墅：北极俄罗斯城市居民的自然创造
作者：
F. Stammler;Lena Sidorova
摘要 本文分析了后苏联时期俄罗斯北极避暑别墅（别墅）的现象。我们采用民族志比较的视角，帮助完善我们对人类与环境关系的理解，以及对那些扎根于北方以外地区的北方收入者的城市人类学的理解。摩尔曼斯克州、西西伯利亚和萨哈-雅库特的实地考察证据表明，对于大多数俄罗斯北方居民来说，对于社会主义和后社会主义北方城市的生活来说，别墅已成为城市混凝土住宅区生活中不可或缺的对应物。在本文中，我们通过分析个人和集体机构、自由、对地方和土地的依恋等领域，探讨了别墅对于北方城市居民身份的重要性。我们得出的结论是，别墅运动填补了苏联北极城市化留下的空白：别墅已经代表了一种人类与环境的关系，这种关系逐渐将乡村风情重新引入俄罗斯北极地区的城市生活，以至于别墅开始失去季节性特征。
ABSTRACT This article analyses the phenomenon of the post-Soviet Russian summer cottage, dacha, in the Arctic. We take an ethnographic comparative perspective for contributing to the refinement of our understanding of human-environment relations and urban anthropology of incomer-northerners, those with roots somewhere outside the north. Evidence from fieldwork in Murmansk Oblast, West Siberia and Sakha-Yakutia shows how for a socialist and post-socialist northern urban livelihood, the dacha has become an indispensable counterpart of life in the urban concrete housing blocks for most Russian northern inhabitants. We explore in this article the importance of dacha for northern identity of urban dwellers, by analysing spheres of individual and collective agency, freedom, attachment to place and land. We conclude that the dacha movement has filled a gap that had been left open by Soviet Arctic urbanisation: a dacha has come to stand for a human-environment relationship that gradually re-introduces rurality to urban life in the Russian Arctic so permanently that dacha places start losing their seasonal character.