The acute effect of moderate-intensity exercise on inhibitory control and activation of prefrontal cortex in younger and older adults
The acute effect of moderate-intensity exercise on inhibitory control and activation of prefrontal cortex in younger and older adults
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DOI：
10.1007/s00221-021-06086-9
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发表时间：
2021-03-30
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Yasumura, Akira
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fujihara, Hideaki;Megumi, Akiko;Yasumura, Akira
运动对维持抑制功能的健康有重要作用，抑制功能是支持日常心理过程的一种基本认知能力。虽然之前的研究表明，一次称为急性运动的运动可以通过刺激前额叶皮质(PFC)和唤醒状态来改善抑制性控制，但很少有研究关注运动效果随年龄的差异。在这项研究中，年轻人和老年人(平均年龄分别为22.7±1.4岁和68.7±5.3岁)进行了急性中等强度运动和抑制性控制。分别在运动前、运动后5分钟和30分钟完成反向Stroop任务，采用功能近红外光谱分析技术测量受试者的觉醒状态和PFC活性。结果表明，在进行急性运动后，总体抑制控制立即得到改善，即使在30分钟后仍保持改善。尤其是唤醒状态和中等PFC活性在两个年龄组之间存在差异。尤其是，年轻人在运动后的唤醒状态有所增加，而老年人则倾向于表现出中等水平的PFC活性增加。这些结果表明，急性运动对觉醒状态和PFC活性的影响可能随发育阶段的不同而不同，但对抑制控制超时的影响不同。当考虑到这些发现时，重要的是要注意到，尽管运动对内部状态的影响发生了变化，但运动对认知控制的影响在几代人中保持相同。
Exercise has a significant effect on maintaining the health of inhibitory function, a fundamental cognitive ability that supports daily mental processes. While previous studies have shown that a single bout of exercise, called acute exercise, could improve inhibitory control by stimulating the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the arousal state, few studies have focused on the differences in the effects of exercise by age. In this study, young and older adults (mean age, 22.7 +/- 1.4 and 68.7 +/- 5.3 years, respectively) engaged in acute moderate-intensity exercise and inhibitory control. Before and at 5 and 30 min after exercise, the participants were asked to complete the reverse Stroop task, and their arousal state and PFC activity were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. The findings showed that the overall inhibitory control improved immediately after performing acute exercise and remained improved even after 30 min. Particularly, there was a difference in the arousal state and middle PFC activity between the two age groups. Especially, the young adults showed an increase in the arousal state post-exercise, while the older adults tended to show an increase in the middle PFC activity. These results suggested that the acute exercise effects on the arousal state and PFC activity may vary depending on the developmental stage, but not for inhibitory control overtime. When these findings are considered, it is important to note that the exercise impact on cognitive control remained the same throughout the generations despite the observed changes in its impact on internal states.