Wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight
Wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight
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DOI：
10.1080/07060661.2018.1476411
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Cai, Jin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bai, Guihua;Su, Zhenqi;Cai, Jin
赤霉病（FHB）主要由禾谷镰刀菌（Fusarium graminearum）引起，已迅速成为世界范围内最具破坏性的小麦病害。宿主抗性是对抗该疾病的最有效和最可持续的策略。迄今为止，在不同的小麦群体中已鉴定出50多个独特的数量性状位点（QTL），Fhb 1在不同的遗传背景中始终表现出最高的抗性水平。尽管全世界都在努力通过小麦育种来利用Fhb1，但目前用于商业生产的品种中只有少数携带Fhb1。近年来，Fhb1基因已被克隆，并已开发出诊断标记，这将有助于Fhb1基因在小麦育种中的成功应用。利用分子标记辅助回交技术，Fhb1已成功地转化到携带微效QTL的地方适应品种中，并在不同背景下筛选出高水平的Fhb1抗性品系。这一方法可为提高小麦品种的赤霉病抗性提供一个快速的途径。此外，基因编辑敲低商业品种中Fhb1的易感等位基因也可能提高小麦FHB抗性。迄今为止发现的大多数其他QTL显示出比Fhb1小得多的效应。这些QTL分布在许多地方适应性品种中，是提高赤霉病抗性的重要QTL。目前，大多数这些次要QTL的诊断标记仍然不可用，因此，基因组选择可以提高这些QTL的选择精度，以创建高度抗FHB的品种。
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused primarily by Fusarium graminearum, has rapidly become the most devastating wheat disease worldwide. Host resistance is the most effective and sustainable strategy to combat the disease. To date, more than 50 unique quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been identified in diverse wheat populations, and Fhb1 consistently shows the highest level of resistance in different genetic backgrounds. In spite of worldwide efforts to deploy Fhb1 through wheat breeding, only a few cultivars currently used in commercial production carry Fhb1. Recently, Fhb1 has been cloned and diagnostic markers have been developed, which will facilitate successful deployment of Fhb1 in wheat breeding. Using marker-assisted backcross, Fhb1 has been successfully transferred into locally adapted cultivars that carry minor QTLs, and selected Fhb1 lines in different backgrounds showed high levels of FHB resistance. This approach may provide a quick solution to improvement of FHB resistance in commercial cultivars. In addition, gene editing that knocks down the susceptible allele of Fhb1 in commercial cultivars may also improve wheat FHB resistance. Most other QTLs identified to date show much smaller effects than Fhb1. These QTLs are distributed in many locally adapted cultivars, and thus are important QTLs for FHB resistance improvement. Currently, diagnostic markers are still not available for most of these minor QTLs; therefore, genomic selection may improve selection accuracy for these QTLs to create highly FHB-resistant cultivars.