Five Years of Experimental Warming Increases the Biodiversity and Productivity of Phytoplankton.
Five Years of Experimental Warming Increases the Biodiversity and Productivity of Phytoplankton.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324
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发表时间：
2015-12
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Trimmer M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yvon-Durocher G;Allen AP;Cellamare M;Dossena M;Gaston KJ;Leitao M;Montoya JM;Reuman DC;Woodward G;Trimmer M
浮游植物是水生生态系统的关键组成部分，通过光合作用固定大气中的二氧化碳并支持次级生产，但对未来全球变暖如何改变其生物多样性和相关生态系统功能知之甚少。在这里，我们探讨了如何结构，功能和生物多样性的一个亚热带metacachticity被改变后，五年的实验变暖。我们的户外围隔实验是开放的自然扩散从区域物种池，使我们能够探索实验变暖的影响，在环境中的metacompatibility动力学。4°C的升温导致浮游植物物种丰富度增加67%，分布更均匀，总初级生产力率更高。气候变暖通过增加当地浮游植物群落的生物多样性和生物量，间接提高了生产力。变暖也系统地改变了浮游植物的分类和功能特征组成，有利于大型，殖民地，不可食用的浮游植物类群，这表明更强的自上而下的控制，介导的浮游动物放牧发挥了重要作用。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，温度可以调节物种共存，通过这种机制，全球变暖在某些情况下可以增加浮游植物群落的物种丰富度和生产力。一项为期五年的围隔实验表明，水温升高会增加浮游植物群落的生物多样性和生产力。在全球范围内，浮游植物吸收的二氧化碳（CO2）与热带雨林一样多。然而，尽管它们在全球碳循环中很重要，但我们对浮游植物群落及其介导的关键功能（包括CO2封存）如何随着未来几十年气候变暖而发生变化知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们报告了一项为期五年的变暖研究的结果，在实验室外池塘，被称为中生态系统。温暖（+4°C）的群落物种增加了67%，总初级生产力（CO2固定）率更高。我们的研究结果表明，变暖导致更高的生产力，通过增加浮游植物的生物多样性和生物量。变暖还改变了浮游植物群落的物种组成，有利于更大的生物体，更能抵抗浮游动物的摄食。我们的工作表明，未来的全球变暖可能会通过影响代谢率和物种间的相互作用，对生态系统的组成、生物多样性和功能产生重大影响。这项研究中浮游植物的生物多样性和生产力的增加也突出表明，气候变暖的影响可能并不总是对所有生态系统都不利。
Phytoplankton are key components of aquatic ecosystems, fixing CO2 from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and supporting secondary production, yet relatively little is known about how future global warming might alter their biodiversity and associated ecosystem functioning. Here, we explore how the structure, function, and biodiversity of a planktonic metacommunity was altered after five years of experimental warming. Our outdoor mesocosm experiment was open to natural dispersal from the regional species pool, allowing us to explore the effects of experimental warming in the context of metacommunity dynamics. Warming of 4°C led to a 67% increase in the species richness of the phytoplankton, more evenly-distributed abundance, and higher rates of gross primary productivity. Warming elevated productivity indirectly, by increasing the biodiversity and biomass of the local phytoplankton communities. Warming also systematically shifted the taxonomic and functional trait composition of the phytoplankton, favoring large, colonial, inedible phytoplankton taxa, suggesting stronger top-down control, mediated by zooplankton grazing played an important role. Overall, our findings suggest that temperature can modulate species coexistence, and through such mechanisms, global warming could, in some cases, increase the species richness and productivity of phytoplankton communities. A five-year mesocosm experiment shows that warmer water temperatures increase the biodiversity and productivity of phytoplankton communities. At the global scale, phytoplankton take up about as much carbon dioxide (CO2) as the tropical rainforests. However, in spite of their importance in global carbon cycles, we understand very little about how phytoplankton communities and the critical functions they mediate, including CO2 sequestration, are likely to change as the climate warms in the coming decades. In this study, we report the results of a five-year warming study in experimental outdoor ponds, known as mesocosms. Warmed (+4°C) communities had 67% more species and higher rates of gross primary productivity (CO2 fixation). Our results show that warming resulted in higher productivity by increasing the biodiversity and biomass of the phytoplankton. Warming also changed the species composition of the phytoplankton communities by favouring larger organisms that were more resistant to grazing from zooplankton. Our work demonstrates that future global warming is likely to have major impacts on the composition, biodiversity, and functioning of planktonic ecosystems by affecting metabolic rates and species interactions. The increases in the biodiversity and productivity of the phytoplankton seen in this study also highlights that the effects of a warming environment might not always be adverse for all ecosystems.