Seasonal influence on vapor- and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in school communities located in Southern California
Seasonal influence on vapor- and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in school communities located in Southern California
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DOI：
10.1080/02786820701213511
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发表时间：
2007-04-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Miguel, Antonio H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eiguren-Fernandez, Arantzazu;Avol, Edward L.;Miguel, Antonio H.
2002年7月至2003年11月，美国环保局对南加州六个社区的15种被美国环保局列为优先污染物的气相和颗粒相(PM2.5)多环芳烃(PAHs)的环境浓度进行了测量，这些社区参与了一项针对学童的多年慢性呼吸道健康研究。这些社区的地理分布超过200公里，从洛杉矶沿海的长滩延伸到洛杉矶盆地北部和西部的高山地区，并向南延伸到圣地亚哥县东部。大气中多环芳烃浓度的季节和空间变化是令人感兴趣的，因为这类化合物包括强大的诱变剂、致癌物和能够产生可能导致氧化应激的活性氧物种(ROS)的物种。萘占多环芳烃总质量的95%，年平均值为89~142 ng m(-3)。苯并[gi]茂(BGP)和致癌物质苯并[a]芘(BAP)几乎完全存在于颗粒相中，分别在38-231pgm(-3)和75-111pgm(-3)之间，最高值出现在与海港相关活动较多的长滩社区和通勤宿舍社区兰开斯特。随着环境温度的降低，颗粒相多环芳烃的浓度相对于气相的浓度有了显著的增加。PM2.5中多环芳烃的冷季/热季比率平均为5.7，长滩为54。所提供的数据强调了大气中多环芳烃浓度季节变化的重要性。这些观察结果与未来对社区规模的人类健康影响研究的解释和分析有关。
Ambient concentrations of 15 vapor- and particle-phase (PM2.5) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), listed by the US EPA as priority pollutants, were measured between July 2002 and November 2003 in six Southern California communities participating in a multi-year chronic respiratory health study of schoolchildren. The communities were geographically distributed over two hundred kilometers, extending from Long Beach in coastal Los Angeles, to high mountain areas to the north and west of the Los Angeles basin, and south into Eastern San Diego County. Seasonal and spatial variation in the atmospheric concentrations of PAHs is of interest because this class of compounds includes potent mutagens, carcinogens, and species capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may lead to oxidative stress. Naphthalene accounted for 95% of the total PAH mass; annual averages ranged from 89 to 142 ng m(-3). Benzo[ghi]perylene (BGP) and the pro-carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BAP), present almost exclusively in the particle-phase, ranged respectively from 38 to 231 pg m(-3) and 75 and 111 pg m(-3), with the highest values observed in Long Beach, a community with a high volume of seaport-related activities, and Lancaster, a commuter dormitory community. A considerable increase in the particle-phase PAH concentration, relative to the vapor-phase, was observed as ambient temperature decreased. Cold/hot season ratios for PAHs in PM2.5 averaged 5.7, reaching 54 at Long Beach. The presented data underscore the importance of seasonal variations on atmospheric PAH concentrations. These observations are relevant to future interpretation and analysis of community-scale human health effects research.